Motivational Theories.

Motivational Theories

A number of motivation theories have been put forward that are of interest to TopShop in outlining the sorts of approaches that can be used to motivate people in the workplace.

Motivation is the level of commitment individuals have to what they are doing. Workplace motivation is concerned with commitment to TopShop, its objectives and targets.

TopShop seek to win the commitment of employees by paying attention to motivation factors in the workplace.

FREDERICK TAYLOR – Scientific Management

F.W. Taylor was associated with scientific management, which is a theory based on the work done. Scientific managers assume that people are alike and their motivations are simple. TopShop operate a clock card system, where each employees ‘clocks in’ once they are ready for work, to do this they are given a card with their name on it, they then slot it into the clock meter and it is stamped with the time and a hole is punched in it. Once employees are finished work, they must ‘clock out’ where the same process is repeated.

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ABRAHAM MASLOW – Hierarchy Of Needs

The hierarchy is a pyramid that works from the bottom up; it starts off with basic needs and then moves up further. Until one group of needs is satisfied, they dominate a person’s behaviour, Maslow pointed out peoples motives were constantly being modified as their situation changed.

The theory suggests that unsatisfied needs can lead to dissatisfaction. Maslow identified a range of 5 needs:

Physiological, the need for food, drink, air, warmth, sleep and shelter, basic survival needs
Safety & Security, protection from danger, threats or deprivation & ...

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ABRAHAM MASLOW – Hierarchy Of Needs

The theory suggests that unsatisfied needs can lead to dissatisfaction. Maslow identified a range of 5 needs:

Physiological, the need for food, drink, air, warmth, sleep and shelter, basic survival needs
Safety & Security, protection from danger, threats or deprivation & the need for stability of the environment
Social, sense of belonging to a society and its groups, e.g. family, work team or friendship
Esteem, self respect, self esteem, appreciation, value, recognition and status both on part of individuals and society
Self Actualisation, need for self fulfilment, self realisation, personal development, accomplishment, mental material and social growth

DOUGLAS MCGREGOR – Theory X & Theory Y

Douglas McGregor divided managers into two main types. Theory X managers ten to have the view that, people are lazy, dislike work and avoid it when possible, Theory X managers are very directive in leading authoritarian.

Theory Y managers believe that people seek and accept responsibility; they derive satisfaction from their work, Theory Y managers work co-operatively with subordinates and participative management.

FREDERICK HERZBERG - Two Factor Theory

Herzberg carried out important research into motivation; he identified a range of Motivators and hygiene factors.

Factor 1 – factors leading to extreme dissatisfaction with job, environment and workplace
Factor 2 – factors leading to extreme satisfaction with the job, environment and work place

Factors for Satisfaction/Motivators: