A Study of Nationalism and its relevance in Muslim States.
TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 NATIONALISM 2 THE BASIC CONCEPT OF NATION 2 BIRTH OF THE CONCEPT OF "NATION" DURING THE FRENCH REVOLUTION 4 COMMON LANGUAGE 4 COMMON CULTURE 4 COMMON HISTORY 5 COMMON RELIGION 5 THE BASIC CONCEPT OF NATIONALISM 5 NATIONALISM A DISTINCT IDEOLOGY 6 TYPES OF NATIONALISM 7 CIVIC NATIONALISM 8 ETHNIC NATIONALISM 8 IRREDENTISM 9 EXPANSIONIST NATIONALISM 9 RADICAL OR REVOLUTIONARY NATIONALISM 9 FASCISM 9 STATELESS NATIONALISM 9 ETHNOCENTRISM 11 ORIGIN OF NATIONALISM 11 THIRD WORLD NATIONALISM 14 CULTURAL NATIONALISM 24 EUROPEAN NATIONALISM " ENGLISH PURITANISM AND NATIONALISM 25 EUROPEAN NATIONALISM " FRENCH NATIONALISM 26 European Nationalism " The 1848 Revolutionary Wave 27 ASIAN AND AFRICAN NATIONALISM 29 Asian and African Nationalism " The New Nations 30 ASIAN AND AFRICAN NATIONALISM " POLITICAL AND RELIGIOUS DIFFERENCES 31 NATIONALISM IN WORLD WAR I 32 TWO KINDS OF NATIONALISM 32 NATIONALISM IN GERMANY 33 NATIONALISM IN ITALY 33 NATIONALISM IN AUSTRIA-HUNGARY 33 NATIONALISM IN RUSSIA 34 NATIONALISM IN FRANCE 34 NATIONALISM IN BRITAIN 34 CAN NATIONALISM SOLVE THE CHALLENGES FACING PAKISTAN? 35 THE PROHIBITION OF NATIONALISM 36 NATIONALISM WITH ITS POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE ASPECTS 37 TYPE OF NATIONALISM BRINGING ABOUT SOLIDARITY 39 NATIONALISM IN SOUTHEAST ASIA DEVELOPED FROM THREE SOURCES 42 INDIGENOUS
To what extent can the globalised economy explain key developments in the motor industry?
To what extent can the globalised economy explain key developments in the motor industry? The case of China Introduction The influence of globalization on the international automotive industry has been so colossus that firms are constantly adapting and responding to the changes and requirements, in order for them to compete in the global economy. Globalization is truly leading the revolution of evolution and has had a profound effect on the world, as view it. The concept of globalization has become the centre of much political debate and controversy in the modern era. Many of the controversies that have developed include variance over the literal definition of the term, globalization. From academics, politicians and scholars, individuals using this term often have contrasting explanation of what it means. However, one thing for certain is that there doesn't appear to be a consensus, surrounding this phenomenon. Scholte stresses the importance of cultivating an agreeable definition for globalization in a modern context in order to 'advance both knowledge and policy in contemporary society' (Shaw, 2001: 6). Scholte has argued that at least five different explanations that are used commonly. These definitions are closely related, but the concepts mentioned are vastly different. In the first instance, the definition entails with the notion of internationalization. This
The Solitude of the Stateless: Kurdish Womenat the Margins of Feminist Knowledge.
INTRODUCTION The Solitude of the Stateless: Kurdish Women at the Margins of Feminist Knowledge Shahrzad Mojab omen of a Non-State Nation: The Kurds. This is the first edited, English language, collection of papers about the women of Kurdistan. It is usually difficult to find a telling title for an edited work. I can, however, readily think of a dozen, equally good, or even more relevant titles for this book. But why should the women of Kurdistan be identified by and with statehood and nationhood in a book that deals with issues ranging from health choices to Sufism to sexism in language? Indeed, as editor, I did not ask the authors to address the question of statehood and nationhood in their study of the lives of Kurdish women. Uninvited, however, the state is prominently and, often violently, present in Kurdistan, a territory without 'recognized borders.' In this 'borderless' land, however, the borders are more visibly marked than most internationally recognized borders: it is a land whose 'borders bleed' (Kashi 1992). The Kurds constitute one of the largest non-state nations of the world. With a population of approximately 25 million, they are the fourth largest ethnic people in the Middle East, outnumbered only by Arabs, Turks and Persians. They were forcibly divided, in 1918, among the centralist 'nation-states' of Turkey,
Turkish Foreign Policy Last 10 Years
INTRODUCTION In recent years, there is an impression in public that when it is said "Turkish foreign policy is multi-dimensional",the situations which are special to Turkey,which make policy prerogative,which need special skills are neglected. In another words, "multi-dimensionalism" is presented,by the government, as a new property af our foreign policy that brings reputation to our country,and this enables us see the truth. Today's Turkey is 17th largest economy of the world and is a member of G20 and Un Security Council,more self-confided and more ambitious regional power.Turkey is in a position that could leave a mark in the 21st century with its existing potential.However,achiving this is bound to conserving the democracy and secular-constitutional state principles. In Foreign Relations Turkey has to take this principles as basis,produce policies consistent with these policies and operate in order to adopt these policies globally and widespread them.For this purpose,Turkey should take place in Western community that has similar values,therefore should fulfill the necessities of EU membership goal.Turkey will be effective in international extent and have a specific role as long as she could keep democracy and secularism alive together. To sum up, today's Turkey has reached to the highest point af all the Republic history in means of strategic independence. The purpose
Power. A gets B to do something that he or she would not otherwise do. Does this sum up the essence of political power?
Intro to Politics – Essay 1 (Term 2 Week 5) ‘A gets B to do something that he or she would not otherwise do’. Does this sum up the essence of political power? As a whole, this statement sufficiently provides an overarching view of political power in the presence of conflict. However, according to Steven Lukes, we need to acknowledge the existence of various other conceptions of political power, especially in the absence of a direct conflict of interest. This essay will attempt to use his arguments to demonstrate the nuances that underpin political power and will contextualize using the various case studies ranging from the politics in China to Latin America and USA. It will also examine the political paradigms from a micro scale, within a constituency for example to the macro scale, on the global arena. Ultimately it will demonstrate that political power has evolved in accordance to the sophistication of the population and this has demanded radical shifts in the way those in power govern them. This of course is not to say that the above said view of political power is defunct, on the other hand, it is still widely enforced and rather the method in which it is achieved has evolved greatly in certain parts of the world. Analysis of Definition Provided Before approaching the concept of political power in depth, a brief analysis of the statement given is in order. The
Brothers in Arms" An analysis of an instance of collective behaviour as it relates to the: Afrikaner Weerstand Bewegi
"Brothers in Arms" An analysis of an instance of collective behaviour as it relates to the: Afrikaner Weerstand Beweging "Now as for you, son of man, I have appointed you a watchman for the house of Israel; so you will hear a message from my mouth and give them warning from me. Ezekiel 33:7 Introduction Sociology according to Weber seeks to make sense of an "infinite multiplicity of successively and coexistently emerging and disappearing events"1 furthermore Weber argues that we undertake analysis as it is relevant to the interests of our own cultural generation". In today's world, terror and the use of force to achieve goals has become a global problem. It is therefore with interest that I present this report which undertakes an analysis of collective behaviour as it relates to the: Afrikaner Weerstand Beweging (AWB). From a suburban garage the Afrikaner Weerstand Beweging AWB (Afrikaner Resistance movement) burgeoned into an organisation that attracted worldwide attention to its cause and became a thorn in the side of the South African Government to an organisation which is now almost obsolete. The report will scrutinize the motivations, and driving force which created the formation, development, and eventual iconisation of the AWB into a resistance movement prepared to use severe force to achieve their goals. The methodology I employed in this study investigates the
How is the idea of Jewish national identity portrayed in Meir Shalev's "The Blue Mountain"?
How is the idea of Jewish national identity portrayed in Meir Shalev's "The Blue Mountain"? In order to answer this question effectively, it is first necessary to define what I mean by the term "Jewish national identity". This implies the bond between the Jewish people based on religion and race that has always existed but which in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries became focused on territorial acquisition. The Blue Mountain is a fictional depiction of the lives of second aliyah immigrants to Palestine. This was the wave of immigration from Russia that took place between 1904-14. The novel is based on a group of founding fathers of a village in the Valley of Jezreel. This central point of focus is important because it shows the birth of a community and thus is comparable to the birth of the state of Israel. Although the scope of the novel is very small, it seems to be a metaphor for Jewish nationhood and identity in general. The themes that are deployed are heavily connected to this central idea of the nation. Nature, community and the importance of manual work are recurring ideas. Shalev paints a very sarcastic picture of nation building through the satirical exploits of his characters. It seems he is trying to depict a more human side to the founders and to show that they are not perfect, angelic figures. However, despite their idiosyncrasies they are a people
Writing is an Ideologically Constrained Set of Practices
Writing is an Ideologically Constrained Set of Practices Marxism has always encountered a troubling tension when relating literature to ideology. The Classical Marxist analysis of social mechanisms suggests that everything, in the last instance, is determined by the economy. Therefore, it makes perfect sense to see literature as another product of these mechanisms: like the superstructure of which is it is a part, a reflex of economic currents. On the other hand, Marxists have often been willing to grant art a certain autonomy - at least 'great' art - in that it seems to operate to a different logic than the rest of the superstructure. Indeed, they grant it can reach back and critique the society from which it was produced, and art has often formed a component of Marxist revolutionary agendas. Yet neither of these poles are particularly attractive. The first leads to 'vulgar' Marxism, which sees literature as absolutely constrained - not only by the rest of the superstructure, but by the economic base underlying it. The second seems to contain a remnant of Humanist wishful-thinking, in which 'great' art is radically separated from 'non-canonical' art and positioned as so its aesthetic qualities give it a pseudo-transcendental position of critique. The history of Marxist thought on ideology and literature has been to systematically work through this tension. A good starting
Concepts of Human Rights and its Universality
Introduction It is claimed that everyone holds certain fundamental rights simply by virtue of being human. Some argue that rights are a modern western invention, rights are something "constructed" by a historical culture, seeking self justification for its own purpose to expand the notions and even to impose them on other cultures regardless of their traditional ways.1 The words 'human rights' have come to mean the political norms and prescriptions that are found in international human rights documents such as the European Convention of Human Rights(1950) or the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights(1948). They deal with the way in which people should be treated by their government and its institutions. This paper proposes to develop the argument that making human rights universal is problematic, this will be done by firstly looking at the historical development of the concept of human rights, secondly the approaches taken towards questioning the validity or justification of the doctrine. Finally, to explore cultural, religious as well as gender differences which interact making human rights difficult if not problematic to universally enforce. Historical Origins and development and creation of the theory and practice The roots of human rights doctrine can be traced back to the times of Aristotle and Stoics. In his 'Nicomachean Ethics' Aristotle creates the basis
To what extent has inward investment economic development policies been effective in addressing uneven development; and how important are inward investment attraction/after-care governance arrangements in this process?
Student No: 051605054 Module: LB3001- Local Economic Development Policy Aston University Date: 19/2/2009 To what extent has inward investment economic development policies been effective in addressing uneven development; and how important are inward investment attraction/after-care governance arrangements in this process? Introduction One of the most common phenomena regarding local economic development (LED) is the prospect of securing or missing out, on an inward investment opportunity, and the resultant externalities as a consequence. Christodoulou defines inward investment formally as 'the process by which companies based outside of a particular geographical area invest in economic activities within that economic area.' (Christodoulou,1996:11). The promotion of inward investment means to attract businesses to an area from elsewhere in the country and from other countries. Attracting large manufacturing and service sector employees into communities is one of the most difficult, frustrating and riskiest of all LED strategies. This is partly because there are far fewer investors than there are communities that are prepared to offer massive incentives to inward investors. To accommodate these wishes, local authorities, Regional Development Agency (RDA) and alternative forms of community over-ride their planning policies in order to attract investment. This may bring
