Reform Movements - Women in the 19th century.

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Reform Movements 8th. 03. 02

Women in the 19th century.

Women have been depicted in history as mothers, wives, daughters and mistresses. Occasionally they have been well recognised, and even celebrated as rulers in their own right, and sometimes, though more rarely, as military figures..... Somewhat more often they appear in written history as writers, artists, and reformers. But what women are depicted in these roles they have usually been viewed as appendages to men - and therefore necessary, but really peripheral to history. When they appear as monarchs, or generals, or writers they are seen almost as men and are measured against a male standard.

Women roles have been seen as family based, supporters of men. Women led double lives - economically dependent whilst supporting their husbands and maintaining the house,children etc. A lot of women carried out philanthropic work, and also were involved in trade unions.

Women worked in a variety of areas - tin plating, coal mining, silk factories, cotton factories, book binding, hosiery and clerical work. In a lot of cases their children went with them to their jobs.

Social Class - Women

The position of the husband(father) would describe the social class of the woman. Women were paid less, and had less authority. Those with children mostly took casual work which was paid extremely poorly

.Family and paid work

Women had no separation between their paid work and their work within the home. E.G. Teacher nipping home at lunch time to make beds, prepare food etc.
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"Women were expected to occupy themselves in providing an environment - a context in which men could live and work....closely related to this emphasis ...was the ideal of femininity as representing self -sacrifice. Women of all social groups were encouraged from childhood to consider its selfish to become wrapped up in their own interests, for the ideal was to serve others, and always consider the interests of their men folk first."

Feminists say women are oppressed by men. Patriarchy - in marriage ownership is represented by taking on your husbands surname. E.G. your father "giving you away" ...

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