Tareq Al Jamal
Sociology
“Relationship between reading of Ferguson and Schaefer”
Culture is defined as the shared patterns of behaviors and interactions, cognitive constructs, and affective understanding that are learned through a process of socialization. These shared patterns identify the members of a culture group while also distinguishing those of another group.
Reading first in the chapter was the effects of development on a culture. Also I could see what culture had in common between each other and how they developed up through the years to have an achievable understanding communicating way. As I think was more important was the elements of culture, which were Material culture, Reinforcing values, and Non-material culture. Languages and values are part of the Non-material culture. Language and symbols are the primary mode of communication. Values are things that tell us what is good and society like freedom and love. In Non-material cultures there is informal and formal. Informal is usually less serious, but the formal is very serious, because then you would be breaking the law. In breaking the law you will be given sanctions, also if you violate any of the norms. As for the Reinforcing values the most important one of them is story. As we see stories everyday in our lives, an example would be advertisements. Also ritual which are things that shape our events. Another one would also be Rite of passage which happens only once in your life. A good example of ritual of passage would be the transition from childhood to adulthood. As it also come to realize in the reading that there are gaps between ideals and real culture. When comparing Ideal with culture you will realize gaps in knowledge, freedom, health, peace, relationships, equality.