In considering Locke's analysis of the state of nature, we shall mainly be examining his Two Treatises of Government (1689).
Q In answering this question I intend to account for both Thomas Hobbes's and John Locke's respective accounts of human nature and their interpretations of the social contract. Afterwards I intend to critically examine their views and make comparisons between them, but first it will be helpful to explain just exactly what the state of nature is in its own right and why it is a useful starting point in political philosophy. Concerning Hobbes, we will largely be looking at his Leviathan (1660) which serves as a perfect illustration of both his empiricist approach to nature and his pessimistic conception of human psychology. In considering Locke's analysis of the state of nature, we shall mainly be examining his Two Treatises of Government (1689). Locke's thesis was not explicitly targeted at Hobbes and was actually intended as a response to Sir Robert Filmer's royalist dissertation Patriarcha which was published in 1680, nevertheless it shall be interesting and informative to compare them closely. When we think about how things should be, we are thinking normatively; political philosophy then is essentially a normative curriculum. As well as thinking about how political society should be, we might also wonder about how it would have been before civilization as we understand it even existed. After all, how can we tell whether our social system is good, bad or indifferent
Describe any one approach to identity. Discuss how this approach can help to explain the identities of people with disabilities.
DSE212 TMA 01 PART I ESSAY Describe any one approach to identity. Discuss how this approach can help to explain the identities of people with disabilities. The concept of identity can be described as an answer to the question “who am I?” Different perspectives adopted by individuals considering who they are lead them to entirely different answers. The range of possible answers reveals that identity is very complicated subject. Therefore, different theories have been devised to understand and explain identity more explicitly. This essay aims to describe one of these, the Psychosocial Theory of Identity. It then goes on to give examples of how this approach can be applied to gain the understandings of the identities of people with disabilities. In the 1960's, Erikson developed his Psychosocial Theory of Identity from his own experience, clinical research and naturalistic observations. He viewed personal and social identity as connected because individual development is influenced by social factors, including historical and cultural facts; however his main focus was centred on the development of personal identity. He categorised eight stages with accompanying crises and outcomes and viewed that each stage was influential on the next one. Although these stages were spread out through lifetime, the period of adolescence was especially important, as here ego identity,
Death Penalty
The Death Penalty The death penalty has been around for centuries. Only recently have societies begun to question the validity and effectiveness of this ultimate punishment. Some of the issues surrounding this topic that will be covered are, how widespread the use of the death penalty is, is it an effective deterrent and my personal opinion about the institution itself and its use in youth cases. There are persuasive arguments and statistics for both sides, but that does not give a clear cut answer to this complicated question. The use of capital punishment is used by twelve of the U.S. states and sixty-four countries worldwide; although, it was only sentenced in fifty-five countries and carried out in twenty-five countries. Japan is number one on the list, with 91% of all death sentences being carried out by China, followed by Iran, Pakistan, Iraq, Sudan, and the United States (Dubin, 2010 p69). In the United States, out of 17,000 reported murders, only about 110 were sentenced to death (Schaefer, 2008 p177). Whether or not capital punishment is a deterrent is widely debated. There have been several studies done and researchers believe, as suggested in Sociology: A Brief Introduction, that the death penalty does not serve as a deterrent. Such studies quote the murder rate in states that utilize the death penalty with those who do not, which show that states without
Body Modification
The saying, “never judge a book by its cover,” is great, but a first impression is a different story. When meeting a person for the first time image is everything. Although one cannot tell a book by its cover, we often look to physical appearance to give us clues about a person’s stability, beliefs, intelligence, and abilities. When looking at someone you can generally tell their personality and general lifestyle they choose. Today people can change any aspect of themselves: their clothing, hair, teeth, face, and body. Most of these changes are met with a level of tolerance but some are more socially acceptable than others. Taking action to change one’s appearance can be used as a way of retaining youth, keeping current with the times, or boosting one’s confidence. Some young people and adults are undergoing these changes in order to express themselves and to improve their physical appearance. The societal pressures to maintain an attractive image are intense and experienced by the majority of the public. In Susan Bordo’s essay “Never Just Pictures: Bodies and Fantasies” she discuses how American ideals have lead people do develop eating disorders to conform into what we believe is normal and beautiful. Our society puts good dental hygiene very high, Everyone is expected to have nice teeth. When I was younger I was dealt with all sorts of things with my teeth.
Ethnic History. Journal Assignment #2 asks that we write about our experiences of race, class, gender and other features of difference and inequality in our lives
JOURNAL ASSIGNMENT #1 Journal Assignment #1 SWK 850 Dynamics of Oppression & Discrimination Wheelock College ________________ On the first day of this class I did what I believe is typical for new graduate students--I immediately turned to the syllabus to see how I would be graded, and on what assignments. I have to be honest with you, when I read the first Journal Assignment, I laughed. What was my story of my ethnic group given to me and by whom and what context? That’s simple, I thought, I have none and was given none. What ethnic group do I belong to and who gave me this information? Again, that’s simple. I am a white, American woman. Who told me? Well that was a little more complicated because a whole host of sources relayed this information to me: my family, educators, neighbors, institutions and friends along with the mass media, and the mirror. I also scoffed at the notion that my story would include ways in which my “group” was in any way ethnically dominant. This would be an easy assignment, I thought to myself. My only concern was how I was going to be able fill three to four pages with information that really didn’t apply to me! Today, sitting down to write this assignment I have a whole new perspective--this assignment is in no way simple! Merriam-Webster’s dictionary defines
By examining some of the manifest and latent social functions of education, this essay will try to answer the question Do Schools Work? and if not, what are the alternatives.
Cote Do Schools work? Education plays an important part in everyone’s success in life. Historically, education was only for the elite. While everyone had the opportunity to learn, only the rich enjoyed a formal education. Most children did their learning at home, their teachers being parents, siblings and other relatives. Children were taught what they needed to know in order to be a productive member of the socio economic class they belonged to. Children of people who had menial uneducated jobs did not attend formal school, instead they were taught hands on skills. By the end of the 20th century most of the world had become more institutionalized, resulting in a requirement of more educated individuals to work in establishments such as hospitals, banks and stores. The result...more schools to teach more people the required skills and knowledge. And with that emerged the ability for individuals to step out of their pre-determined life and make a better life for themselves by becoming more educated. Since then schools have been filling the needs of modern day society. Not only do schools teach students the academic of reading, writing and arithmetic, it teaches children from a young age discipline, respect, morals and values which prepare them for work and helps them integrate into society. Many theorists have examined the sociological functions of education. By
The National Autism Association is one website that aims to assist the population through awareness programs and research, because autism is an epidemic that is on the rise
Campbell Robert Campbell College Composition Final Draft Professor Opaleski-Dimeo 4/5/11 Throughout the course of the universe, there has been a consistent progression of endless loss and endless gain. In this progression, the process of natural selection has proven so effective that roughly ninety-nine percent of all species that ever lived are now extinct. However, in our current age of such technological and medical advancements, we are no longer a part of natural selection. We have set ourselves apart from animals in such a way that allows the weakest links of our species to survive and procreate. Not only are we in an age of highly evolved medical practices, we are also in an age of highly evolved diseases which are being preserved by none other than ourselves. Has modern medicine actually led to a less advanced civilization? Modern medicine is, to a certain degree, both preventing and continuing the natural evolution of man. One epidemic in particular has recently been in the spotlight due to its rapid increase among new borns. “Michael D. Kogan of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and colleagues announced that about 1 of every 91 American children has a disorder on the autism spectrum (Grant).” It is something that needs to be addressed and examined. The National Autism Association is one website that aims to assist the population through
Reality TV: A Deterioration of Mass Entertainment, or a Positive Experience for Viewers? The Views of Salman Rushdie and James Poniewozik.
Opinions on Reality Television: A Deterioration of Mass Entertainment, or a Positive Experience for Viewers Reality television is an extremely popular phenomenon despite its exceptionally young age. Reality television shows are popping up every day, increasing viewer counts for the strongest television channels in the market. Their success, unlike their effect on the viewer, is in arguable. Salman Rushdie, in his article, Reality TV: A Dearth of Talent and the Death of Morality argues that reality television is a deterioration of mass entertainment, whereas in James Poniewozik's Television, Why Reality TV is Good for us, reality television is viewed in a more positive light. Although both articles deal with the issue of reality television shows, they take different positions and employ different rhetorical techniques to make their arguments. Poniewozik argues that reality television is a good way for people to make their own deductions from what they see. He claims that when watching a reality television show, no hidden implications are imposed on the audience whereas that is not the case when it comes to fiction (Poniewozik, 2003). In response to a famous moment on American idol, Poniewozik states, "It didn't nudge us to laugh at her or prod us to cry for her. In about two minutes, it told a quintessentially American story of ambition and desperation and shrinking options,
The Role of Media. Peace Journalism and the Rwandan Genocide
Peace Journalism and the Rwandan Genocide Role of Media in times of Rwandan genocide Abstract During the Rwandan genocide in 1994, Hutu extremists killed nearly 1 million Tutsis and moderate Hutus. There are many causes of the clearest genocide since the Holocaust. Western policies take on part of the guilt, even since colonial times. Power hungry leaders and officials had found themselves in a perfect situation to spread hatred, with a helping hand of the media. Rwandan media even incited the massive slaughter of Tutsis, whereas international media showed disinterest in the event. There was a lack of international media coverage, and the journalists that were present misrepresented the facts, creating confusion in the Western world about what was happening. It made the situation seem less important, which was convenient for the Western policymakers that were unwilling to intervene. Journalism, however, can have a positive effect on war and conflict. By using peace journalism, rather than war journalism, the focus of attention is drawn to creative, non-violent options that promote peace. Introduction "The media, like so many others in Rwanda, failed. The world powers failed. Individually we failed." — Roméo Dallaire, head of UN mission to Rwanda The 1994 Rwandan genocide is one of the most cruel and outrageous events in recent human history. During this period, the
Why are men less likely to report domestic violence than women?
UB: 09009651 Word count: 1,500 Why are men less likely to report domestic violence than women? This assignment will look at aspects on domestic violence which arises against men. This literature review will focus on why men are less likely to report domestic violence than women, the norms of society and the cultural aspects of domestic violence against men will also be explored in this assignment. I will be using secondary research within the report carried out by R.W Connell, Pandora (2009) and other various studies. The governments definition of domestic violence is an incident of threatening behaviour, violence or abuse which includes psychological, physical, sexual, financial or emotional, which takes place between adults who are or have been intimate partners, or family members, regardless of gender or sexuality (Mankind initiative). Any individual can be affected by domestic violence and anyone can be the abuser, domestic violence does not only occur in women it also occurs in men too. David Thomas (1993) states that “Men too are victims and women too are perpetrators; neither sex has a monopoly of vice or virtue." Domestic abuse has been traditionally seen as violence carried out by domineering men against defenceless women. However research