The role of social sciences in the all forms of knowledge has a great impact in the systematic and organized body of concepts, theories, information and evidence about the social world.
QUESTION: SHOW HOW SOCIAL SCIENTIST USE DIFFERENT KINDS OF EVIDENCE TO SUPPORT THE CLAIMS THEY MAKE. ANSWER: INTRODUCTION Social sciences are a systematic and organized body of concepts, theories, information and evidence about the social world. This essay will illustrate different ways in which social scientists uses evidences to support their claims on theories and concepts of the social world. The essay also will consider the circuit of knowledge and the ways in which knowledge is produced and reproduced within the social sciences, linking evidences to claims and theories How Knowledge is Produced The Oxford English Dictionary defines knowledge as 'an organized body of information', this definition diminishes the complexity and variety of what is socially understood to be knowledge. For example, social scientists argue that knowledge is socially constructed because knowledge is produced, collected, collated and disseminated by human beings living in societies. They claim that the social constructions of knowledge are associated to three key elements i.e.: * the role of language and discourse * the role of institutions * the role of different types of social power It is argued that language is a social phenomenon and there are no appropriate explanations of the world without recourse to it. The language humans inherit shapes how they see and know the world. For
Discuss the ways in which the media and particularly television have had a dramatic impact upon childrens lives.
Discuss the ways in which the media and particularly television have had a dramatic impact upon children's lives. Everyone knows that a person forms in the society and the society plays an important role in the life of a person. It influences us by means of school, job and of course by the mass media, and especially television, because it is the most spread and cheapest way to get information and to entertain ourselves. Television viewing is a major activity and influence on children and adolescents. Children in the United States watch an average of three to four hours of television a day. By the time of high school graduation, they will have spent more time watching television than they have in the classroom. While television can entertain, inform, and keep our children company, it may also influence them in undesirable ways. Even though parents are conscious that the media can affect their children, nearly all of them don't realize how severe it is actually becoming. While television has developed and is now one of our most valuable ways of communication, it also has horrible consequences of being able to negatively affect and corrupt people. "Too much exposure to the media is commonly seen to lead to violence and delinquency, sexual promiscuity, educational underachievement, obesity, apathy and cynicism, and a whole host of anti-social behaviors. At times these anxieties
Since all sorts of gender inequality continues to exist today, and some of the people and institutions that perpetuate the inequality appear unwilling to change, the contemporary family structure could be the starting point to remedy gender inequality in
Obtaining gender equality has been a constant struggle in the United States. Society in America naturally treats men and women differently, with no regard to equity. Consequently, gender inequality is repeatedly taken for granted, whether in the workforce or in the home. It is considered not only an expected social response, but one that is a basic component of social relations. The contemporary family structure is the most fundamental arena where gender inequality and equality are produced and reproduced. It is a central place where children are first taught gender roles and where influential associations built around gender are introduced. Since all sorts of gender inequality continues to exist today, and some of the people and institutions that perpetuate the inequality appear unwilling to change, the contemporary family structure could be the starting point to remedy gender inequality in the United States today, yet this does not occur. Thus, family structure is primarily constrained today by the continuation of gender inequality in society. Gender inequality may well be one of the greatest puzzles of modern society in the United States. We know that males and females are biologically different from the moment of conception and that these differences determine an individual's sex. Individuals' chromosomal and hormonal differences are what physically construct the male and
The Effects of Designating English as the Official Language of the United States
Running Head: Language Designating English as the Official Language of the United States Shakea Ricks English 122 Trillium Sara Hinton October 3, 2010 Designating English as the Official Language of the United States English is spoken by the vast majority of the population of the United States. It serves as the language in which most government business is carried out. English can certainly cause enough differences to have occasional misunderstandings, usually surrounding slang or region dialect differences. In some instances it should be called the language of survival. In his essay, "If Black English Isn't a Language, Then Tell Me What Is," James Baldwin defines language by pointing to its unparalleled power. He writes, "Language is also a political instrument, means and proof of power. It is the most vivid and crucial key to identity (Baldwin, 2009). Language conflicts have come and gone throughout American history, but language has never been as big of an issue in the United States for as long a time as in the past 20 years. This paper will show how the English has affected certain cultures, and how non English speaking citizens (as well as immigrants that do speak a little English) how it affect non English speaking citizens in certain ways, and how the fact that they do not speak English affects the United States. To date, twenty-six states have declared
The focus of this discussion will be rooted in the relevance of the Functionalism and Weber social action perspective in understanding the contemporary Caribbean society.
Graded Discussion 1 Topic: Functionalism and Weber social action perspectives are sociological theories that were developed to explain some of the social problems of an emerging European society. Compare and contrast their relevance and application to understanding the contemporary Caribbean’s social structure. The focus of this discussion will be rooted in the relevance of the Functionalism and Weber social action perspective in understanding the contemporary Caribbean society. In order to perform such task, the above mentioned perspectives will be compared and contrast as well as their relevance to the region will be outlined in key examples. The Functionalism and Weber social action theory are theories developed to explain the problems emerging from the industrial European society. It is of critical importance that each perspective is defined. Functionalism is the oldest perspective developed by renounced French Sociologist, Emile Durkheim (1858-1971). Durkheim attempted to show how structures and institutions that made up the social system affected the pattern of social behavior in society. Weber’s social action theory on the other hand seeks to understand how individuals determine and negotiate between their personal desires and the social pressures that largely determine and orient their action. It also tries to understand the relationship between social
A REPORT THAT EXAMINES THE ROLE OF EXPERT AND LAY KNOWLEDGE IN UNDERSTANDING AND MANAGING RISK
A REPORT THAT EXAMINES THE ROLE OF EXPERT AND LAY KNOWLEDGE IN UNDERSTANDING AND MANAGING RISK Contents . Introduction 3 2. Our risky lives 4 2.1 Cycling and the benefits of wearing a helmet 4 2.2 Hazardous substances found in the soil 4 2.3 Sun Exposure and expert knowledge of sun risk 5 2.4 Lay knowledge of symbolic risk 6 . Beck’s thesis 6 4. Conclusion 7 5. References 8 . Introduction This report is going to examine how risks we face in our daily lives rely on different forms of knowledge to create an understanding of them and their consequences. This report will examine how people use expert and lay knowledge about risks in order to live with them. A brief description of risk is provided. The discussion focuses on how we live with risk and interpret expert and lay knowledge regarding
Commentary on Sugden J. (1996) Boxing and Society: An International Analysis book review
Sugden J. (1996) Boxing and Society: An International Analysis. Manchester, Manchester University Press. For its alleged brutality, and linkages to criminal activity, boxing continues to preserve its appeal to many areas around the world. Character development, fitness, self-defense skills, and the decline of youth crime are all reasons why the sport has remained prevalent. Yet, for every athlete who achieves commercial success in boxing, there are thousands of people jeopardizing their health and personal life for menial wages. The argued debate to why people pursue a career in boxing is to secure masculinity, physical dominance over others, military heritage, and to become part of a social network (Sammons, 1990). Despite the lack of educational scholarships and schemes available to the sport within society, Sugden (1996) makes a fine contribution to the treasurable work of 'Beyond the Ring: The Role of Boxing in American Society' by Sammons (1990), and goes further in his international review of the subject by detailing three very distant urban communities: Belfast, Northern Ireland (UK), Hartford Connecticut (USA), And Havana (Cuba). Graduating from the University of Carolina in 1975, Sugden continues to contribute to the field of sports sociology and sport in society (Sugden and Tomlinson, 1998, 2002),(Sugden and bairner, 1993). His interest in Boxing can be seen from
Reasons for Working. How does paid employment affect your identity?
How Does Paid Employment Affect Your Identity? BEM2004 600012796, Word Count: 2,182 From a very early age we are managed and socially constructed by schools, teachers and our parents. The purpose of this identification and expectation process is arguably the production of conformity to society’s expectations (Rehn, 2009). The question ‘What do you want to be when you’re older?’ becomes ‘What do you do for work?’ There is a constant pressure to conform to what society expects of us and employment has become one of the main ways in which we evaluate other people and their identity. Grace and Woodward (2006) define two fundamental forms of identity. The way we portray ourselves to the outside world (personal identity) and our own subjective sense of knowing who we are (ego identity). I feel that it is crucial we fully comprehend the meaning of work and the effect employment may have on identity. People work for different reasons - most for economic reasons, some for ‘expressive’ reasons, and others, as a moral necessity or religious duty. Commitment and attitude to work appear increasingly more dynamic due to changes in the global economy. According to Sennett (1988) these changes are leading to a corrosion of character, whilst Du Gay (1996) says an unpredictable identity has established that views life as an individual project of enterprise. James (2007)
Action Plan for research into the effects of playing violent video games.
Action Plan Roza Grunwald group B ________________ DISCUSS AND EVALUATE YOUR OPTIONS AND SAY WHY YOUR CHOSEN TITLE/HYPOTHESIS IS RELEVANT AND IF THERE ARE ANY ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS Title: Playing violent video games significantly leads to aggressive behaviour in children and adults. Therefore the IV is playing violent video games and DV aggression. Is a directional hypothesis one tiled. Ho Playing violent video games do not lead to aggressive behaviour in children and adults. Research is going to explore if playing violence video games can induce aggressive behaviour in people. Also the research is going to find out if the aggression appears just after playing the game or has long term impact on people behaviour. The purpose of my research is to investigate whether or not playing violent video games can lead to aggressive behaviour. Behaviours such as violence, lying, and stealing allow the player to obtain power and extra points in the game and help him to survive in the virtual world or achieve success. The hypothesis is if video games that engage players in these behaviours can induce aggression. This research is going to investigate negative facts about playing violent video games. The violence present in the computer games may lead to an increase in aggression among players - both immediately after the game, and many years later. Ethical consideration: Make the
Discus how the physical and emotional health of men is shaped by social expectations that men will behave in authorised way autonomous, physical, competitive, and non-emotional
Discus how the physical and emotional health of men is shaped by social expectations that men will behave in authorised way – autonomous, physical, competitive, and non-emotional. Particular attention should be given to sexuality, and a man's fears of being perceived as gay. Consider the impact on men, their families and their friendships. Analyse the impact that media can have in disseminating gender roles and state whether you feel that this has a positive or negative impact on men. This essay will examine how society’s expectation of men to behave in an authorised way affects their emotional and physical health while addressing the media’s part in disseminating gender roles. For this purpose I will draw on two components of social learning theory, Gender schema theory; and Labelling theory, to highlight society’s role in maintaining cultural stereotypes for the purpose of control. Drawing together discussions on the role of homophobia as a means of defining hegemonic masculinity and the influence of media and institutions at a macro level on supporting gender role socialisation; leads me to the thesis that instinctive development of masculinity within men has been lost and buried deep beneath societal constructs of masculinity. Evidence of society’s role in the construction of a gender ideology is seen by the pressure on parents from peer groups, advertising and