Since all sorts of gender inequality continues to exist today, and some of the people and institutions that perpetuate the inequality appear unwilling to change, the contemporary family structure could be the starting point to remedy gender inequality in

Obtaining gender equality has been a constant struggle in the United States. Society in America naturally treats men and women differently, with no regard to equity. Consequently, gender inequality is repeatedly taken for granted, whether in the workforce or in the home. It is considered not only an expected social response, but one that is a basic component of social relations. The contemporary family structure is the most fundamental arena where gender inequality and equality are produced and reproduced. It is a central place where children are first taught gender roles and where influential associations built around gender are introduced. Since all sorts of gender inequality continues to exist today, and some of the people and institutions that perpetuate the inequality appear unwilling to change, the contemporary family structure could be the starting point to remedy gender inequality in the United States today, yet this does not occur. Thus, family structure is primarily constrained today by the continuation of gender inequality in society. Gender inequality may well be one of the greatest puzzles of modern society in the United States. We know that males and females are biologically different from the moment of conception and that these differences determine an individual's sex. Individuals' chromosomal and hormonal differences are what physically construct the male and

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In critiquing the educational leaflet based on case study A 14 year old female experiencing juvenile chronic arthritis, there are a range of strengths and limitations that will be discussed.

Write an essay of 800 words (+/- 10%) in which you discuss the strengths and limitations of the educational leaflet that you developed within a small group during seminars. You should cite approximately 4-6 academic references in support of your arguments. You need to consider how well the leaflet might assist your chosen client, how well it presents evidence-based information, and how successfully it communicates information to the client. Include references to your case study client, as well as using published literature to support your arguments. Submit the leaflet or information sheet that your group developed as an Appendix. You should focus on the leaflet itself, and not group decisions or dynamics that influenced its developments. Juvenile chronic arthritis refers to any form of arthritis that develops in children or teenagers who are under 18 years old. Arthritis is inflammation of the joints; it refers to a group of diseases that cause pain, swelling, stiffness and loss of motion on the joints. Most individuals with arthritis will experience pain and difficulty moving around. They may feel a level of discomfort and fatigue which leads to them feeling frustrated that they are unable to carry out daily tasks due to loss of strength and grip (Arthritis care, 2011). In critiquing the educational leaflet based on case study A – 14 year old female experiencing

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Social Work Values. Values and ethics have been of fundamental importance throughout the development of the social work profession.

“Values are central to being human: nothing we do is unconnected with values. If we want to understand, and be able to work with people, then we need to have an understanding of the complexities of values in people’s lives. Any attempt to understand people that does not consider the values dimension is doomed to failure as values are so central to everything we do, both as individuals and professional social workers.” Adapted from: Moss, B. & Thompson, N. (2008) Meaning and Values: developing empowering practice. Russell House Publishing The above statement is essentially saying that an individual’s set of values play an imperative part in every decision, action or behaviour in their everyday lives. A person’s value system can be made up of personal, ethical, cultural or political vales. Along with their own personal values, social workers must also adhere to a strict set of professional values outlined by the General Social Care Council’s (GSCC) codes of conduct. It can be difficult for a practitioner to find a balance between these often conflicting and opposing value systems. Values and ethics have been of fundamental importance throughout the development of the social work profession. Founded in 1869, the Charity Organisation Society is often identified as the roots of modern social work. (Smith, 2002) It was set up in response to the belief that

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Human Growth and Development

Social Science and professional Practice Human Growth and Development. In this assignment I will explore psychological theories and how they assist in social work to better understand and work positively with clients. In accordance with the GSCC codes of practice, (2.3) pseudonym names have been used to protect the identity of the family. Robert describes his upbringing being very happy and largely contributory to him developing into a well-adjusted responsible young man. Howe (1995) believes when viewing parent-child interactions, the quality of this relationship can assist in determining the 'level of social competence and developmental pathway through life. Robert reports he was raised feeling loved, secure and trusting of his mother throughout his childhood. As Robert is hoping to become a relative carer for his siblings Camilla and Daley, it is important to acknowledge the grief they may all experience from being separated from their mother. Separation and loss can be seen in the simplest form of '...young children who are separated from their prime caregiver' (Bowlby 1973, p56). Attachment is not the same as dependency and although the intensity of attachment between parent and child decreases with age, it is still significant throughout the life cycle particularly during times of distress and uncertainty and needs to be acknowledged and supported for Robert to

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Examine an area of oppression and discuss how this manifests itself in institutions and societies and how it impacts upon the lives of individuals and communities.

Examine an area of oppression and discuss how this manifests itself in institutions and societies and how it impacts upon the lives of individuals and communities. This essay will examine disability as an area of oppression in society. When answering this question it would be useful, first of all to put forward a definition for the term disability. The Disability Discrimination Act (1995) describes disability as 'a physical or mental impairment which has a substantial and long-term adverse effect on his or her ability to carry out normal day to day activities'. In Northern Ireland there are an estimated 201,000 Disabled Adults (Working with Diversity). Despite this high number, people with disabilities are treated as a separate homogenous group to the rest of society. I will examine how this oppression has manifested itself through institutions by drawing on the medical and the social model of disability. The medical model of disability is seen as being a discriminatory perspective that perceives disability as a personal tragedy. In contrast, Thompson (2006) regards the social model of disability as being an anti-discriminatory perspective that requires a change in how we view disability. Thompson (2006) refers to disablism as 'the systematic discrimination and prejudice against people with disabilities which produces a milieu of oppression and degradation' (p.122). Lack of

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Discuss Kohlberg's theory of Moral Development, use psychological evidence and refer to at least one other theory in your answer.

Discuss Kohlberg's theory of Moral Development, use psychological evidence and refer to at least one other theory in your answer Moral development in psychology is the study of how we form beliefs and acquire knowledge to determine what is wrong or right. It is also a study of how we apply these beliefs to our actions. Kohlberg is a prominent figure in moral development, his main focus in his investigation in to moral development was on our reasoning behind moral judgement rather than the judgments made. He believed that we develop moral reasoning during childhood and adolescence; it is not something we acquire in one big step. Like Piaget, Kohlberg chose to investigate the reasoning behind moral development, by using moral dilemmas. Kohlberg carried out a study with group of males, some of which he followed up 3 times over 20 years. He gave them a moral dilemma and questions designed by Heinz. Heinz's story stated that a man's wife was suffering from a rare illness, her only chance of survival was this one particular type of drug that the man could not afford and the chemist would not let him have it cheaper or let him pay for it in instalments. The questions were on whether the man should steal the drug for his wife, whether the man should steal it if it was for a stranger, is it against the law to steal it and does that make it morally wrong. From analysing the

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Poverty- idantify the factors that have resulted in Margaret living in poverty and describe how they have affected her.

IDENTIFY THE FACTORS THAT HAVE RESULTED IN MAGARET LIVING IN POVERTY AND DESCRIBE HOW THEY HAVE AFFECTED HER Poverty is not just about the shortage of money. It is about rights and relationships; about how people are treated and how they regard themselves; about powerlessness, the exclusion and loss of dignity. Yet the lack of an adequate income is at its heart. (Cited by: Carey Oppenheim, 1996) Margaret has so many factors that contributed to her situation, one of which was her teenage pregnancy. It is an indication of how she lacked the proper knowledge that can be gained from a proper sex education. This is a factor that should have being dealt with at a younger age than she was as she needed to understand the risks involved with being sexually active. Her parents and teachers needed to take responsibility and teach her the things that she needed to know regarding protection during intercourse and all the disadvantages that come from being sexually active from a young age. The fact that Margaret was staying with her parents instead of living by herself meant that the benefits that she should have been entitled to like, income Support Benefits, Child Tax Credits etc would then be more limited because they would be assessed by using her parent's yearly earnings. This and the fact that she could not find employment that could support her and her child made it tougher for

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Social Work & Schizophrenia

Service User Group - Individuals with Schizophrenia Schizophrenia can be described as a chronic, debilitating disorder, characterized by an inability to distinguish between what is real and what is not (Tartakovsky, 2009). The individual usually experiences symptoms such as hallucinations and delusional thoughts, and they are unable to think rationally, communicate properly, make decisions or remember information. Some other symptoms include disorganised speech, disorganised behaviour, flat emotions, apathy and loss of drive. There are a number of theories that attempt to explain the onset of schizophrenia. This is an area of great debate. Many of the theories that have been put forward in the past have not yet been fully supported by strong scientific research. It is probable that there are a number of different causes. Modern techniques have demonstrated that some affected people have changes in the structure of their brains. There is also evidence that some of these individuals may have been affected by infections before they were born. Occasionally the disorder appears to run in families affecting many family members. The 'Diathesis-Stress Model' balances the cause of schizophrenia between internal and external influences. It emphasizes the impact that the environment can have on people who are deemed genetically vulnerable to developing schizophrenia.

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In this essay I will define client empowerment in planning care as it is applied to adults, especially adults at risk of neglect and abuse, and explore how care management policy aims to empower clients. There is a dilemma in Mr Bankss case which appl

Planning Care for Adults Balancing risk management, and client empowerment in planning care In this essay I will define client empowerment in planning care as it is applied to adults, especially adults at risk of neglect and abuse, and explore how care management policy aims to empower clients. I will then look at the notion of risk management, and explore what risks are associated with care and support for older people, using the example of Mr Banks as my case study. I will evaluate how risk can be minimised, managed and monitored, including risks to the health and welfare of informal carers. Care planning is a way of agreeing, arranging and managing the services or help needed to enable a person to live at home or to move into a residential or nursing home. It is the process of developing an agreement between the client and the social worker, where client problems, outcomes to be achieved and actions to be pursued in support of a goal achievement are identified. It involves noting both formal and informal services and intended results in a written document. In the assessment stage of care planning, each service user receives an assessment of their care needs and must meet appropriate criteria for the services to be provided. When a service or services have been arranged, a care plan will be written and a copy given to the user. This will contain details of what services

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The literature I will be critically reviewing is an article entitled, Parental substance misuse and child care social work: findings from the first stage of a study of 100 families. It was written by Donald Forrester and Judith Harwin.

A CRITICAL LITERATURE REVIEW ON PARENTAL SUBSTANCE MISUSE AND CHILD CARE SOCIAL WORK: FINDINGS FROM THE FIRST STAGE OF A STUDY OF 100 FAMILIES. BY DONALD FORRESTER AND JUDITH HARWIN, CHILD AND FAMILY SOCIAL WORK 2006, Vol. 11, pp325-335 The literature I will be critically reviewing is an article entitled, "Parental substance misuse and child care social work: findings from the first stage of a study of 100 families". It was written by Donald Forrester and Judith Harwin. Donald Forrester was a Post-Doctoral Research Fellow in Social Work at the time the article was published in January 2006. He has written a number of articles on the subject of Parental Substance Misuse (PSM) of which three are included in my 50 literature search. The second author, Judith Harwin is a Professor of Social Work, Department of Health and Social Care at Brunel University in the UK at the time of publication. One of the aims of this article is to address the lack of British research on the topic by reporting on the first stage of a study of all cases allocated for long-term work in four London local authorities over one year. The study focused on cases in which there was alleged misuse of drugs and/or alcohol by parents. The findings address some important questions that have received little coverage in British research so far. These include: what is the extent of parental substance misuse

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