This evaluation study will thoroughly study factors that influence teen pregnancy and parenting on the educational advancement of a girl child in Buea-Cameroon.

Problem statement         The numerous technological advancements in the field of healthcare and social sciences are providing new and improved procedures to treat pregnant adolescents and teenage mothers; but still many of these patients are left wanting and disappointed from the educational and healthcare system. Both depression and low self-esteem have been linked to lower levels of educational advancements amongst these adolescents. This evaluation study will thoroughly study factors that influence teen pregnancy and parenting on the educational advancement of a girl child in Buea-Cameroon. Background of the study         In the past 3 decades, there has been an ever increasing interest in the link between lower educational advancements and teenage mothers and adolescents who get pregnant. Numerous studies have confirmed that the higher the levels of teenage pregnancy is directly linked to higher levels of educational abandonment (Aneshensel and Huba, 1983; Braucht et al., 1973; Kaminer, 1991; Kaplan et al., 1980; Kaplan et al., 1984; Kennedy et al., 1987; Paton et al., 1977; Reinherz et al., 1991; Robins and Przybeck, 1985; Shiffman and Wills, 1985; Simons et al., 1991). This level of consistency has led many researchers to believe that there is a definite and interdependent relation

  • Word count: 32767
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Social studies
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A Critique of New Social Movement Theory.

A Critique of New Social Movement Theory There appears to be a high level of consensus among European students of social movements about trends in the recent past. Two parallel and opposed developments have occurred. On one hand, labour movements, concerned to improve workers' material conditions, have declined in significance. On the other hand, new social movements, concerned with such oppressions as those around gender, sexuality and race and with such pathologies of modernity as militarism and environmental degradation, have become more important. This consensus, which began to emerge in the early 1980s, was not accidental. That period witnessed the rapid growth of peace movements, and the increasing prominence of the Green movement in West Germany and elsewhere. Around the same time most of the advanced economies of Europe, North America, and Japan experienced significant declines in levels of strike action. Reflecting on these dual and opposing trends, social movement theorists sought explanations to encompass both developments. Why were New Social Movements (NSMs) becoming more important while labour movements were declining? Out of their reflections, in an intellectual context marked by a discrediting of traditional Marxism, there appeared a paradigmatic account, which this article critically reviews. The Paradigm At the risk of over-simplification, there

  • Word count: 17306
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Social studies
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Unit K/601/7629 Professional Organisational Issues In counselling assignment

. Understand what is meant by counselling. .1 Define what is meant by the term counselling. BACP definition of counselling and psychotherapy:- 'Counselling and psychotherapy are umbrella terms that cover a range of talking therapies. They are delivered by trained practitioners who work with people over a short or long term to help them bring about effective change or enhance their wellbeing.’ (BACP [online]). The BACP states that “counselling takes place when a counsellor see a client in a private and confidential setting to explore a difficulty the client is having, distress they may be experiencing or perhaps their dissatisfaction with life or loss of a sense of direction and purpose. It is always at the request of the client as no one can properly be ‘sent’ for counselling. In the sessions the client can explore various aspects of their life and feelings, talking about them freely and openly in a way that is rarely possible with friends and family. Bottled up feelings such as anger, anxiety, grief and embarrassment can become very intense and counselling offers an opportunity to explore them, with the possibility of making them easier to understand.”(BACP Guidelines 2010) Oxford dictionary definition of counselling:- A person trained to give guidance on personal or psychological problems. “counselling is a helping process with the overriding aim of

  • Word count: 13259
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Social studies
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Nepotism - research project

CONTENTS Acknowledgements Page 3 CHAPTER 1 Page 4 * Rationale * Aims of the study Page 5 * Design & Methodology * Limits, scope & concern of the study Page 7 * Summary of chapters and anticipated value of my findings CHAPTER 2 Page 8 Literature review * Specific instances of nepotism and findings * Nepotism as defined by the Public Protector Page 9 * Legislation on nepotism Page 10 * Job reservation and affirmative action Page 12 * Individualism and its negative manifestations Page 15 * Impact of nepotism on good governance Page 16 * Conclusion Page 17 CHAPTER 3 Page 18 Interviews CHAPTER 4 Page 21 * Preamble to responses CHAPTER 5 Page 27 * Methodology & Design * Sampling procedure and size CHAPTER 6 Page 29 * Data analysis * Nepotism: the source of despondent respondents CHAPTER 7 Page 37 * Interpretation of data * Public servants: A society sworn to confidentiality? CHAPTER 8 Page 40 * Limitations CHAPTER 9 Page 42 * Presentation and discussion of my findings * Conclusion Page 44 REFERENCES Page 45 ACKOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank the following people for the support they gave me throughout my research: * To all those who participated in my

  • Word count: 13113
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Social studies
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Bradford Riots. In this paper we focus in particular on the Bradford riot of July 7th 2001 and specifically the views of the local South Asian community.

THE BRADFORD 'RIOT' OF 2001: A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS Introduction In 2001 Britain saw another summer of rioting in its cities, in Oldham on May 26th, Leeds on June 5th, Burnley on June 23rd, and Bradford on July 7th. Although comparable to those of 1981 and 1985, in significant ways these 'riots' were quite different from earlier years, and mark a new departure in Britain's racial politics. In this paper we focus in particular on the Bradford riot of July 7th 2001 and specifically the views of the local South Asian community. Britain has witnessed sequences of 'riots' involving racial factors since the late 1950s, when Whites and African Caribbeans fought in Nottingham and in Notting Hill, London (Fryer, 1984:376-81; Ramdin, 1987: 204-10). The 'riots' of 1981 and 1985 have been seen by subsequent commentators as community insurrections against the police. The antecedents on those occasions involved heavy policing of predominant African Caribbean communities. Furthermore, of particular relevance here was the 'riot', which took place in Manningham, Bradford on 10-12th June 1995, mainly involving South Asians. This was again popularly blamed on heavy policing, although the official reports simply blamed it on 'anti-social' individuals (The Bradford Commission Report, 1996: 11). The 'riots' of 2001 are more complex: whilst there are characteristics similar to those before

  • Word count: 10937
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Social studies
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Transforming Cultural Practices: Illustrations from Children's Game Play

Transforming Cultural Practices: Illustrations from Children's Game Play ABSTRACT Analyses of children's participation in cultural practices typically focus on the ways in which dimensions of activities shape the nature of children's participation and learning. In contrast, our concern in this paper is to understand how children, in their participation, transform cultural practices. We use Saxe's (1991) Emergent Goals Framework to illustrate how the mathematical problems that emerge in children's play of Monopoly are interwoven with children's developing competencies and social interactions. Transforming Cultural Practices: Illustrations from Children's Game Play As researchers increasingly incorporate sociocultural context into analyses of children's learning and development, they are faced with the challenge of devising methods for describing the interplay between actors and the social and cultural settings they inhabit. In general, relations between children and their environments tend to be conceived of in one-way terms: the focus has been on how the social world influences the behavior of individuals. John-Steiner and Mahn (1996) point out that this unidirectional model distorts sociocultural theory and reduces it to a social transmission model. Engeström (1993:65-66) notes that, although it is tempting to conceive of contexts "as containers of behavior, untouched in

  • Word count: 10810
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Social studies
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To what extent, therefore, has current Labour Government Policy successful tackled the issue of Homelessness and Overcrowding?

QUESTION: Statistics show that during the period 1979 to 1995, under the Conservative Government 'Homelessness...almost doubled' (Barr: 1998). Although a direct comparison cannot be made, the exact figures were reported at 55,530 (1979) and 121,280 (1995).1 To what extent, therefore, has current Labour Government Policy successful tackled the issue of Homelessness and Overcrowding? ABSTRACT: This assignment focuses on analysing current Government Policy with regard to the following specific aims: * 'Achieving a decent home for every family at a price within their means' * The provision of 'a degree of priority in access for people in housing need who in the past have found themselves at the end of the queue.' Recent release of statistics published by the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister (ODPM), indicate that for the third quarter of 2003 Local Authorities accepted 36,260 households as 'unintentionally homeless' and 'in priority need,' representing an 8% increase from the previous year. Furthermore approximately 10% were perceived as repeat homelessness cases. Such figures demonstrate the underlying trend of rising homelessness within the UK, which is expected to accelerate well into the future. The existence of such an issue demonstrates both economic inefficiencies, in terms of the size and quantity of housing stock, and in addition equity concerns over equality of

  • Word count: 10344
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Social studies
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American Culture. It is evident that part of the definition of contemporary American identity and significance in the world has emerged within the very hegemony of this culture and the English language and its diffusion worldwide since the Second World W

American Riddles INTRODUCTION American Culture is a massive, variegated and changing topic. It is evident that part of the definition of contemporary American identity and significance in the world has emerged within the very hegemony of this culture and the English language and its diffusion worldwide since the Second World War. Whether talking about Hollywood cinema, suburbs, NATO or a pervasive commodity like Levi Strauss blue jeans, American culture has provided both a worldwide image of a complex "modern" society and a template for reactions to that society. Moreover, American projections abroad have been shaped by American colonialism and war as well as decontextualized images from advertising, news, political rhetoric and mass media. In order to gain a basic understanding of the "Americanness" of products, practices and images, we should recognize the transformations that the American culture has undergone in different milieu worldwide. Yet, at the same time, American culture has changed in the past and is changing dynamically in the present through the very status of the United States as a meeting ground for world cultures, immigrant and transient. While globalism is a topic of intense current discussion, American culture has been global since the first encounters of Europeans and American Indians. One cannot talk of contemporary American culture and its language

  • Word count: 9797
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Social studies
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A research project into the perceptions of graffiti by certain individuals and groups can be seen as having grounding in both sociology and criminology. The sociology of deviance and delinquency

Introduction. A research project into the perceptions of graffiti by certain individuals and groups can be seen as having grounding in both sociology and criminology. The sociology of deviance and delinquency in urban areas, as well as the socio-historical development of graffiti as a cultural practice provides a basis for further research into the effects of this phenomenon. In terms of criminology, the extent to which the police and local authorities see graffiti as a problem is also worth investigating. Various theses have analysed the link between minor offences such as low level property crime, and the perceptions of certain public spaces as run down or insecure. As students of sociology the five researchers involved in this project have an interest in how graffiti provokes a societal reaction to the changing environment of these spaces. In addition to this, all of the researchers have some limited experience of criminological studies which would be enhanced by an analysis of how government legislation and local initiatives have affected communities and individuals exposed to graffiti. In terms of government legislation, graffiti as a form vandalism is a criminal offence under the Criminal Damage Act 1971. This act, supplement by section 33(1) of the Magistrates Court Act 1980, gives penalties for minor vandalism such as graffiti as a maximum £2500 fine or up to 3

  • Word count: 9073
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Social studies
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Disaster Policies and Social Organisation.

DISASTER POLICIES AND SOCIAL ORGANISATION Murat Balamir* [email protected] Paper to be presented at the 5th Conference of ESA, Helsinki, August 28-September 1, 2001. 'Disaster and Social Crisis Research Network' sessions: 'Deconstructing Disaster Management: Beyond the Command and Control Model', Chaired by Maureen Fordham. Background Major part of this paper rests on work I undertook between 1997-1999, as a result of an officially tendered research project supported by the World Bank (1). The objective was to evaluate the 'Development Law' and its attendant Regulations concerning plan-making and building construction in Turkey, and together with an overview of the world experience, make recommendations and produce the necessary legislative texts for a new system aiming to reduce risks and losses in the occurence of natural hazards. The final report was submitted to the authorities in 10 August 1999, only a week before the East Marmara Earthquake. Investigation into the structure and elements of the conventional disasters policy in Turkey, with their legal and organisational components, has been an exercise of evaluating the existing state of affairs and in the meantime formulating the rationally desirable organisation and procedures. The conventional disaster policy in Turkey has two major components: the 'Disasters Law' and the 'Development Law' and their

  • Word count: 8550
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Social studies
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