Social Exclusion / Social Inclusion

Social Exclusion / Social Inclusion Introduction This essay is about social exclusion in the UK and government policy to include this population and get them back into the work force. Notting Dale Technology Centre (NDTC) is funded to train 'socially excluded' adults and teenagers who have left the education system and are at risk of continuing the cycle of impoverishment. NDTC is working with the employability strands of governments life-long learning policy's. We work under the educational training banner to give skills to meet the challenges of the 21st century i.e. Information Communication Technology (ICT) for the work force. NDTC aims to address the low skills equilibrium by offering training to the people who make up this part of the population. Social Exclusion and the Skills Challenge The Government describes social exclusion as a shorthand term for what can happen when people or areas suffer from a combination of linked problems such as unemployment, poor skills, low incomes, poor housing, high crime environments, bad health and family breakdown. Notting Dale Technology Centre (NDTC) is a major Information and Communication Technology (ICT) training provider in the North Kensington and London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham areas. NDTC works very closely with a range of socially excluded people to address skills shortages. David Istance in an article on

  • Word count: 2114
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Social studies
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Why are state and social institutions so concerned with the transgressions of young people? Give examples to explain your answer.

Joy Sharrock-Melrose Tutor: Jane Harris Module: CJ2004 Why are state and social institutions so concerned with the transgressions of young people? Give examples to explain your answer. This essay will begin to analyse the question so then it can determine the relevant issues that need to be discussed. The 'state' can be defined as the population within a particular political boundary in this case the UK, and the institutions include the government, churches the media and schools. To define the meaning of transgressions, a transgression is the breaking of a rule or the law and it can also mean going against social 'norms' as has been portrayed in such TV programmes such as 'Neighbours from Hell' on ITV. It is also interesting that anti-social behaviour has been incorporated into English law as a 'crime'. This essay will discuss middle aged to elderly people in society and the media moral panics that cause them to be concerned. The media is central to the aspect of hegemony which will also be discussed as an issue, also a comparison with the media attention, and to some extent, the amount of resources used in detecting 'young people's' crimes such as petty theft, to that expended on some white-collar crimes such as 'insider trading in stock market shares. Official statistics have an affect on the governments concern which will also be discussed, along with fear that

  • Word count: 2116
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Social studies
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Five Theories of the Evolution of the Social Welfare System.

Five Theories of the Evolution of the Social Welfare System Industrialization and the Social Welfare System Social conditions changed during the industrialization era due to industrial expansion and the need for new types of jobs. Social services were needed and the new jobs allowed better resources to fulfill human needs. Industrialization led many workers to become dependent and run their own business. Therefore arose the concern over health care for workers, disability coverage, childcare, retirement, safety, fair working conditions and pay. Workers expected the government to make sure that there concerns and basic needs were accommodated and ever since the government has become a permanent part of the social welfare system. Social Values Two important social values are individualism and social responsibility and there is a continuous cycle shift between the two. The shift is a conflict between public purpose and private interest. Periods of public purpose require a high level of activity which people tire of and cause them to shift to their private interest and they become involved in their own personal lives. However during this period, some social classes tend to fall behind and believe the system isn't fair. Therefore they press for a change and thus the cycle shifts back to public purpose. Social Control The powerful use social control as a way to regulate the

  • Word count: 377
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Social studies
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Why have struggles over the nature and scope of welfare provision become such endemic features of contemporary societies?

Sociology Essay n° 4: Why have struggles over the nature and scope of welfare provision become such endemic features of contemporary societies? 'many believe that the welfare state has become incompatible with other cherished goals, such as economic development, full employment, and even personal liberties' (Welfare States in Transition, p.1) The crisis of the welfare state cannot be attributed only to economic crisis. Since the mid-seventies, although the levels of growth never became as important as those attained during the post-war period, western economies have grown significantly, and steadily. The conflict lays rather on the problems of equality vs. full-employment. There are three different ways in which the welfare state is generally thought to influence economies: according to the first, which Andersen calls 'market-distortion views', the welfare state stifles the market and erodes incentives to work, save and invest. A second popular interpretation says that the welfare state is unsustainable nowadays because of the problems of birth decline and greater life expectancy, which upset the ratio of contributors and that of dependent people. The third widespread conception sees the welfare state as incompatible with the new global economy, which punishes profligate governments and uncompetitive economies. For Esping-Andersen, despite the fact that neither of

  • Word count: 2098
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Social studies
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"A Prime Minister is only as powerful as his Cabinet allows Him to be" - discussed

"A Prime Minister is only as powerful as his Cabinet allows Him to be" Members of the cabinet are the supreme decision-making authority for the government, and are the sole advisers to the Crown. Cabinet ministers are members of parliament and are made up from the same political party as the one that is in government i.e. all current ministers are members of the Labour Party. They have both executive and legislative responsibilities. Members of the cabinet answer to the Prime Minister who may remove or reshuffle any of them as he wishes. The cabinet is responsible to Parliament for its policies and actions. According to the cabinet offices own website; "The Cabinet Office's central role is to support the Prime Minister in ensuring delivery of the Government's strategy, helping to achieve positive change, particularly in the priority areas of education, health, transport and crime and asylum.1" "The Cabinet reconciles Ministers' individual responsibilities with their collective responsibility. It is the ultimate arbiter of all Government policy." The number of cabinet members varies but there are usually 20-25 members selected from 100 government members with a tendency for the number to increase in normal times with the growth of governmental functions and to decrease in national emergencies when the executive power is concentrated in fewer hands. A Cabinet is selected by

  • Word count: 852
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Social studies
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"A Question of Justice?"

Assignment 1 Paramita Sutanto ID. 11103331 "A Question of Justice?" Poverty, the gap between the rich and the poor, ignorance and capitalism is what I see from the image of the cover from the Economist magazine that was given by Leslie last week. This image gives a clear image for us on how the people in developed countries are trying to collect more money and pursue their own happiness while as the poor people are getting even poorer and they could not pursue their happiness; which I will explain more in the passage. First, in the image, there is a young African boy (I assume that he's African because he has black colored skin), holding a bowl and a paper. This symbolizes that he is poor and he lack of food which made him very skinny, most probably malnourished. Also, it tells us that poor people could not grasp a good education due to the school fee is getting higher every time. It is very ironic, realizing that with our allowance fee, we could have help the people in need; we could pay their school fees or give them food. Second, at a glance, we can see that the boy is walking toward the developed city. This shows us that the boy doesn't belong to the community in the big city, he might have segregated into an undesirable area, in other words, a slum area; this indicates us that there is a huge gap between the haves and the have-nots. Those well-heeled people seems

  • Word count: 588
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Social studies
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"Assess the Political Influence of the Media in Britain"

"Assess the Political Influence of the Media in Britain" The political influence of the media has long been a topic for debate for politicians and academics across the spectrum, however whether it can change the views of the mass public is another question entirely. In order to assess the question, one must first look at the history of the media, its development and function, before moving onto looking at the role it plays in politics and the relationships and mutual dependence of the media and politicians. It is also important to look at some of the explanations that have been put forward to explain the media's role in voting behaviour. The term 'media' conjures up an array of different images in ones mind. As far back as the early seventeenth century there has been a 'media industry' in Britain, albeit a far cry from the multi functional, multi million pound industry that it boasts today. Prior to the invention of what is now termed "mass media", communication was predominantly verbal between political groups or the church. The first of the main mediums of today was the newspaper. The newspaper finally emerged as a major and continuous feature of national, political and cultural life when pre-publication censorship lapsed in England and Wales (Harris, B. 1996, p6.). These papers were however, free to offer opinions and could be openly biased. During the period of

  • Word count: 2730
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Social studies
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"Because nationalism rests on no more than an emotive appeal to 'tribal' loyalties, in a pluralistic society it is always a recipe for conflict". Discuss.

"Because nationalism rests on no more than an emotive appeal to 'tribal' loyalties, in a pluralistic society it is always a recipe for conflict". Discuss. Nationalism is key and central in the study of world politics. Indeed, within the political spectrum, nationalism is perhaps the strongest emotion in the human psyche. Even the likes of religion, class, individual or group interest are in general, overshadowed by nationalism in today's politics.1 The 20th century highlighted the nationalism issue with the break up of many states such as the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia who are important in light that there was a great deal of bloodshed in the process. Furthermore, the ongoing conflict in Northern Ireland and the nationalist activities in Spain, would suggest that nationalism undoubtedly leads to conflict and perhaps even war. However, not all believe that nationalist passions are negative. Ernest Gellner believes that nationalism was critical in the founding of a modern industrial society.2 Nationalism can be seen to encourage creative thought in society and help economies flourish as is the case with the Republic of Ireland which gained independence through nationalist movement. This is why the discussion over whether nationalism is a recipe for conflict is necessary. In tackling the issue of nationalism, it is wise to first define the term. This in itself can be difficult

  • Word count: 1828
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Social studies
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"Bolivar believed that monarchic regimes would be the most appropriate form of government for the emancipated Spanish American nations". Discuss.

"Bolivar believed that monarchic regimes would be the most appropriate form of government for the emancipated Spanish American nations". Discuss. Simon Bolivar, known as 'El Liberator' was born in 1783 and in his adult years proceeded to try to revolutionize the political allegiance that South America had to Spain. While Bolivar's' pursuit of political sovereignty from Spain seemed well thought out, the reality of it was unattainable. Spanish Americans were still viewed by the Spanish government as being simply an expansion of Spain. The irony was that while Bolivar wanted independence from Spain, he wanted to unite the Spanish American colonies as one country. Therefore Bolivar's belief in a united system collided. Bolivar's main belief, however, was that monarchic regimes were not the best solution Spanish America. He cited this in the 'Angostura Speech' and the 'Carta de Jamaica'. In the 'Carta de Jamaica' he said that he '[did] not favour the federal system. It [was] overperfect'. He also discarded the concept of a monarchy with part aristocracy and part democracy. He extolled the virtues of the monarchy in England but believed that if the same governmental system was imposed on Spanish America that the country would face the threat of falling into 'demagogic anarchy or monocratic tyranny'. Bolivar anticipated and calculated the political product of these newly

  • Word count: 996
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Social studies
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"Britain is a soft touch for asylum seekers." Discuss.

"Britain is a soft touch for asylum seekers." Discuss. Thousands of asylum seekers each year arrive in Britain with the hope of a better life. They choose the United Kingdom for many different reasons, some because they speak the language, because they have friends or relatives there, the big majority probably because it is a big ethnically diverse nation in which it is easy to blend in and meanwhile it is also easy to disappear. In 2000, the UK received the largest number of asylum applications of any EU country, with 97,860 asylum applications; in 1999 UK recognised asylum to 72% of the applications, with 102,870 cases which still pending. Today in Britain asylum-seekers receive a benefit of £ 36.54 a week in voucher and cash. In addition they can apply for the right to work after six months they arrive. Once they find an employment they lose their benefits. They have access to free health service and if they prove that they cannot afford an accommodation they are provided shelter for free by the State. Statistics prove that other EU countries are much more strict when it comes to immigrations matters. France for instance; number of asylum applications in 2000 was 38,590, with only 19.3% recognized and with none pending application. Just comparing the above-mentioned statistic it seems that we have to agree with 2France's statement "that it is the UK's generous

  • Word count: 547
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Social studies
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