The use of the foot orthoses in the treatment of paediatric flat foot: an evidence based overview
Clinical Review The use of the foot orthoses in the treatment of paediatric flat foot: an evidence based overview Introduction Flatfoot in the paediatric population is a common concern and is presented regularly in paediatric health-care settings. (1) Despite this, there is no universally excepted definition for this condition, although consistent attributes include a valgus heel and a flattened medial longitudinal arch. (2) Other names frequently used include pes planus, (1) hypermobile flatfoot, (3,4) and pronated foot. (10) The lack of a standard definition of this condition, a wide spectrum of severity and the many different etiologies for flatfoot make it difficult to differentiate normal from pathologic foot thus to compare the results of treatment. (5) A range of conservative interventions have been reported in the literature from advice to foot orthoses, stretching exercises, footwear selection and modifications, serial casting and appropriate weight reductions. (1) This clinical review however, will focus on the use of foot orthoses as it is very frequently prescribed and there is much controversy surrounding its use. There is a common agreeance between clinicians that symptomatic children should be treated to reduce pain and prevent further deformity. (2,4,6,7,) The controversy relates to those that are asymptomatic and they consist of a larger proportion of the
A Tooth's Story.
A Tooth's Story - by Shekhar Shastri 11f Statement of intention - A visit to the dentist is often greeted with much trepidation for most of us. Many of us are absolutely terrified. But how would such a visit feel like for our teeth? In the form of a creative essay, this piece humorously attempts to describe a visit to the dentist from a tooth's perspective. The intended audience is young, fearful dental patients in surgery waiting rooms. It's a hard life, crushing and breaking down food, and all for what? So Shekhar can enjoy all those scrumptious flavours. I believe we teeth don't get enough credit for our actions. To add to this flagrant rort, - we're not even looked after properly! I mean, the least Shekhar could do would be to keep us clean. A bit of a brush, floss and mouthwash wouldn't hurt every once in a while, now would it? Once sparkling white molars, now I and my colleagues have been reduced to a discoloured mess of cavities. And now look where this has come to - a dreaded visit to the dentist, Dr. Burr. Sitting there inside the dental surgery's waiting room, I anxiously anticipated the grim fate that lies before me. Looking for consolation, I turn to the innocent smiles from children beaming at me from posters (or should they be a plaque or two) adorning the walls. Yet my gaze is soon interrupted by the shrill motorized buzz of dental drills reverberating from
HIGH DEPENDENCY CARE OF THE NEW BORN. The following discussion will analyse the care of a baby who I have recently looked after in the high dependency who developed necrotising entero colitis(NEC) and consequently had to be re admitted to the NICU.
HIGH DEPENDENCY CARE OF THE NEW BORN (CASE HISTORY) PREDISPOSING CAUSES OF NECROTISING ENTEROCOLITIS Registration NO: 100252125 Module NO : SNM3115 Unit Leader : Angela Thurlby Word Count : 2022 The following discussion will analyse the care of a baby who I have recently looked after in the high dependency who developed necrotising entero colitis(NEC) and consequently had to be re admitted to the NICU. According to Sankaran (2004) NEC is an inflammatory disease of the bowel, predominantly affecting premature infants but it sometimes occurs in 'cohorts'. Whilst caring for the baby he became ill with a profound bradycardia and on turning him over he looked pale, cyanosed with a mottled skin and distended abdomen. He weighed only 1050g, and had previously been moved from ITU to high dependency because he was tolerating full feeds of expressed breast milk (EBM). According to Boxwell (2010) NEC is characterised by transmural intestinal inflammation, ischaemia, necrosis and sometimes perforation which affects one to eight per cent of infants admitted to NICU. As a result of his condition the baby was transferred back to intensive care unit for close observation and further investigation. He had been born at 24 weeks +5 days gestation with a birth weight of 590g but was now 42 days old. He had also had a blood transfusion the previous day and his
Surgical face mask in modern operating room
South Bank University Course: Operating Department Nursing in Perspective (Level-3) Session: 2002-03 Student Name : Renuka Arora Student Number : 9856030 Assignment : Surgical face mask in modern operating room Tutor : Marie Culloty Submission Date : 24 June 2002 SURGICAL FACE MASK IN THE MORDERN OPERATING ROOM Introduction This essay will critically analyze the use of surgical face mask in the modern operating room. It will also provide an overview study on the effectiveness of the surgical masks and the author's experiences will also be highlighted. Norman (1995) states that surgical face masks are used as physical barriers to prevent nurses, patients and visitors from touching their own noses and mouths to reduce or prevent contact transmission of infection agents. Face masks could have two functions, firstly to protect the patient from the healthcare worker and secondly, to protect the healthcare worker from the patient (Norman 1995). The surgical face mask has become an integral part of the uniform for theatre personnel since introduction in an attempt to reduce the rate of the chemical wound infections (von Mikulicz 1897), it is only recently that people have asked if the masks do actually protect the patient from infection in the operating theatre. In 1990's the necessities for mask have turn full circled, but this time to protect
Teamwork is an integral part of Accident and Emergency care and if it is jeopardized problems tends to occur. Looking at communication, consent and teamwork I will explore and reflect the ways in which the patient I observed was treated.
Words 4251 Introduction Teamwork is an integral part of Accident and Emergency care and if it is jeopardized problems tends to occur. Looking at communication, consent and teamwork I will explore and reflect the ways in which the patient I observed was treated and what could be done in the future care and practice of others in order to reach maximum potential with further clients. First Part An emergency call went out for a Chest pain in resuss one, Chest Pain Team required. As I was the student nurse in resuss for that particular shift. I was urged to join the medical team to see what was happening with this patient. As I stood and observed what I was witnessing was Myocardial Infarction. As I was observing the situation, I was surprised to see how calm everybody was. The Resuss room is a room which consists of six bays which have specialist equipment in, if an emergency with a patient was to happen. The patient I was observing was put into the first bay, as this bay has much more space so the team of medics and nurses can work around the patient quite easily. As I was watching I noticed that the nursing staff used the ECG machine. As I was watching the patient's relative seemed concerned with what was happening to the patient. I took it upon myself to reassure the relative by explaining what was happening and why the medics where doing this procedure. The ECG showed
Identify any barriers clients may face in accessing the chosen service.
E3 Identify any barriers clients may face in accessing the chosen service. There are many different factors affecting clients accessing health care even though clients have a right to a health care service, they don't always use it. There are several reasons for this. Firstly clients attitudes, health is a very personal thing, not every one takes the same attitude towards there own health. People do not like going to see doctors for a variety of reasons. This could involve embarrassment, indifferences to there own health and the fear of consequences. The NHS also has a low reputation due to slow services and a general negativity from the public making clients less willing to use the service. Other factors such as waiting lists steer people away from the NHS but, also cause other barriers. As hospital capacity is limited and people referred by GP's can sometimes wait a long time for basic medical procedures. At certain types of the year, for example winter, hospitals have to operate a one-in-one out policy. Elderly patients have been the most likely to face this problem. Elderly clients also come across a problem known as bed-blocking; this means that although they no longer need health care they cannot be discharged with out appropriate care. As many elderly clients have to wait for a place in a residential care home, how ever these are very limited so clients wait in
The Reflectice Mental Health Practitioner
Module code: DF215004S SID: 0402654 THE REFLECTIVE MENTAL HEALTH PRACTITIONER INTRODUCTION The purpose of this essay is to reflect upon an aspect of my professional practice I have encountered as a student nurse during my placement on an elderly (mental health) ward. I will begin by defining the term 'reflection' followed by the rationale for the change that l want to take place. The part of nursing care that can benefit from change will then be identified. An explanation of how to involve management in the changes being implemented will be explored. I will also write on my identified area that l felt needed change which is "handover". The actual change will be looked at by looking at resources, prioritising needs, whether this is within the nurse's influence or not. Both short term and long term objectives will be identified. Motivation and reinforcement will be analysed using the model. The writer will also examine and adopt Lewin's change theory to implement this change, then go on to draw an action plan to emphasize on how the change was executed and finally sum with a sound conclusion. REFLECTION What is reflection? Reflection is a process of gradual self-awareness, critical appraisal of the social world and transformation. These are not particularly comfortable
Lead Toxicology
TITLE PAGE Module Code: BMSC 2214 Module Title: Introduction to Toxicology Essay Title: How much lead is too much? Name: Mubeen Iqbal SID: 200242757 Word Count: 1558 How much lead is too much? Introduction Lead is a toxic, soft, malleable metal with four isotopes. It exists in organic and inorganic forms, its atomic number is 82 and it has the symbol Pb. Lead is found in ore with zinc, silver and copper. The most common lead ores are galena, cerussite, and anglesite. The melting point of lead is 327 oC, it is very resistant to corrosion, and it is a poor conductor of heat and electricity. These are some of the main properties which have led to the extensive use of lead for thousands of years. Currently lead is used in battery acid, organ pipes, weights, bullets and for many other functions and purposes. In the past lead was also used in plumbing, in the manufacture of toys, in alcohol, in paint, and most notably, in leaded fuel. However these former uses have almost all now been discontinued, in the Western world at least, due to the increasing recognition of the health risks and the toxic effects of lead. Lead toxicity is thought to have first been recognised by the Greek physician Nicander of Colophon, who described the detrimental effects of lead ingestion in his books, which are the oldest to have survived on the subject of poisoning (Needleman, 2004). Mathieu
Health and social careHow the pharmacist applies the care value base
The structure of social care in England Parliament Secretary of State for Health Department of Health Local Authorities Social services committees Social services department Type of care services HEALTH Statutory - NHS Trusts - required by law Private - Private companies - run on a profit Voluntary - Charities - non-profit basis Statutory sector organisations - organised at government (national), regional and local levels National - Parliament, Secretary of State for Health, Department of Health, National voluntary organisations' headquarters Regional - NHS health authorities, voluntary organisations' regional headquarters, regional offices of private health and social care agencies Local - NHS Trusts, local voluntary organisations, local authorities, social services departments, primary care trusts, voluntary organisations' local offices, private health and social care agencies, informal carers The DOH (department of health) is responsible for: - deciding what needs to be done and how it will be put into practice - providing safe, quality services - deciding which part of the service gets what amount of money The structure of health services Before 1948, health services were provided in a mixture of ways, voluntary, local authorities, employers and private care. There was no co-ordination of services. usually people had to pay for health care. Many
Radiographic Imaging. The X-ray examination this assignment will critique is that of the Chest; chosen because it appears to be the most common procedure performed within X-ray departments.
Radiographic imaging Part A The X-ray examination this assignment will critique is that of the Chest; chosen because it appears to be the most common procedure performed within X-ray departments. There are two main projections for completing chest X-rays; the first and most common is the AP/PA projection which can be performed with a patient standing (erect technique) or in the supine position; for example, if confined to bed. The second projection is the lateral grid. It is important to check why the x-ray has been request to ensure appropriate positioning for diagnostic imaging. Darovic (1998:2) points out this significance; "fluid in the pleural space (pleural effusion) will fill in or "blunt" the costophrenic angle if the patient is upright when the X-ray is taken. If the patient is supine, pleural fluid is evenly distributed along the posterior pleural space and can't be detected". The exposure factors for both of these techniques are as follows: Position kV mAs AP/PA 25 .00 Lateral grid 17 2.5 A kV value of 125, for the AP/PA projection, is used because the image produced requires a low contrast for a quality diagnostic image. The x-ray beam becomes more energetic with higher voltage settings; thus the more energetic the "less effect the different levels of tissue density will have in attenuating the beam" (http://www.e-radiography.net). A chest
