The aim of this essay is to explore the process of European integration with reference to the formation of the Single European Market.

The aim of this essay is to explore the process of European integration with reference to the formation of the Single European Market. To evaluate the process of integration and the interests of member state governments I will use two examples: the liberalisation of the banking sector in Spain and the liberalisation of the electricity market in Germany. A significant reform is occurring in the world economy. We are swiftly moving away from a world in which national economies were fairly self-contained entities, detached from each other by cross-border and investment barriers; by distance, time zones, language, culture and government regulation. We are presently moving toward a world in which barriers are falling, advances in transportation and telecommunications technology is shrinking perceived distance and national economies are converging into an interconnected global economic system. This process of globalisation is rapidly changing the world in which we live and transforming it into a 'global village'. There are two main theories of European integration. Intergovernmentalism is when the state and national government are the main actors in European integration and only integrate to pursue their national interests (security, economic, etc). Integration will occur when the nation states have an interest in transferring sovereignty to a supra-national body. The concept of

  • Word count: 2685
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Business and Administrative studies
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Everyone loves cinema and movie posters are merely the physical incarnation of those special movies.

Motion pictures, invented in 1895 by Auguste and Louis Lumiere, are one of the most popular art forms of the twentieth century. Everyone loves cinema and movie posters are merely the physical incarnation of those special movies. It is often said that movie posters communicate the essence of film. Though in some cases the poster and film are tied closely together and speak with one voice, the former summarizing the latter. Movie posters not only echo the evolution of cinema, the independent trajectory of the film poster reflects the changing nature of the audience. Posters in their primary sense are advertisements; their task is to connect to the person on the street, not with the images on the screen. The history of the film poster is the ongoing story of the link between cinema and society. As films began to become more popular nothing attracted an audience more than a familiar face, this twinned with emergence of feature films promoted the development of the movie poster. Publicity soon became a specialist business as its demands grew large and varied. In the beginning printed images focusing on a single well known figure became an established part of movie promotion. In the early 1920's the film 'The Man with the Movie Camera' was created in the aim to promote the film as a means of recording the reality of everyday life. The poster was in keeping with the style of the

  • Word count: 2685
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Media Studies
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Heraclitus, son of Vloson, was born about 535 BCE in Ephesos, the second great Greek Ionian city.

Heraclitus [His Life and Philosophy] Heraclitus, son of Vloson, was born about 535 BCE in Ephesos, the second great Greek Ionian city. He was a man of strong and independent philosophical spirit. Unlike the Milesian philosophers whose subject was the material beginning of the world, Heraclitus focused instead on the internal rhythm of nature which moves and regulates things, namely, the Logos (Rule). Heraclitus is the philosopher of the eternal change. He expresses the notion of eternal change in terms of the continuous flow of the river which always renews itself. Heraclitus accepted only one material source of natural substances, the Pyr (Fire). This Pyr is the essence of Logos which creates an infinite and uncorrupted world, without beginning. It converts this world into various shapes as a harmony of the opposites. The composition of opposites sustains everything in nature. "Good" and "bad" are simply opposite sides of the same thing."To God all things are beautiful and good and just, but men have supposed some things to be unjust, others just". [His Death] Diogenis Laertius (CE. c 200) in his 8th book "Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers" notes that "When somebody asked Heraclitus to decree some rules, he showed no interest because the government of the city was already bad. Instead, he went to the temple of Artemis and played dices with children. Finally he

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  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Historical and Philosophical studies
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What were the main differences between Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic societies?

What were the main differences between Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic societies? Illustrate your answer with a discussion of the evidence from two archaeological sites. The departure of ice sheets from the British Isles in circa 18,000 B.P. led to reoccupation in about c.12,500 B.P. At this time, the climate was harsh, terrain baron, food scarce and survival difficult. To occupy such a disagreeable place, the glacial hunters of the Upper Palaeolithic were hardened nomads who followed food supplies. Their main food sources were fish, elk, deer and mammoths. They probably seasonally migrated back and forth to continental Europe. Beginning around 8,000 B.C. however, the climate began to warm up and sea levels rose separating Britain from Europe stopping the seasonal migration. This climate change led to a change in food and plant life being more diverse and plentiful. As a result, life during the Mesolithic was considerably more comfortable than during the Upper Palaeolithic. Mesolithic society changed as a result and the differences in the two periods’ societies will be explored in this essay. Upper Palaeolithic Britain was resembled the tundra of Northern Canada today. The flora was sparse consisting of inedible ferns and pine and boreal trees towards the end of the era and these were of little value for woodworking. The fauna would have been fierce to cope

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  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Historical and Philosophical studies
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Does quantum mechanics, in particular the phenomena of superposition and entanglement, provide a case for the revision of classical logic?

Does quantum mechanics, in particular the phenomena of superposition and entanglement, provide a case for the revision of classical logic? Introduction Many parts of quantum mechanics appear to describe reality in a way that could be said to contradict classical logic. Concepts like uncertainty, the wavefunction, superposition and entanglement all describe the behaviour of systems in an indeterministic way, abandoning the comfort of traditional physics to explain the world with probabilistic methods. This broke the traditional view of a deterministic universe typified by the philosophy of Spinoza and Leibniz, and the opinions of physicists such as Einstein (Norton, 2010). In this paper I wish to consider the thesis, put forward by Putnam, that the nature of quantum physics is such that it demands we revise classical logic (1975a). In his argument he uses a comparison with the case of revision in geometry, as I have discussed elsewhere. I shall first describe the phenomena of superposition and entanglement, and why we should take these phenomena seriously. I shall then make clear how these phenomena may undermine classical logic. Unlike Putnam, I will reject the analogy between Quantum mechanics and geometry, drawing two key disanalogies which I feel undermine the idea that classical logic needs revision - or even that classical logic is the kind of thing that may be

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  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Historical and Philosophical studies
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To what extent does the work of the founding fathers inform the sociological debate about religion at the start of the twenty-first century?

To what extent does the work of the founding fathers inform the sociological debate about religion at the start of the twenty-first century? Many sociologists of the twenty-first century refer to or are influenced by the work of the three founding fathers of sociology, Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim and Max Weber. Their separate studies, written at different periods, have contrasting themes, however the role of religion within social life and its declining influence was a concern of all three writers. They saw religion adopting a diminishing role within society due to the penetration of rationalism into all spheres of social life. Their early contributions to the discussion of secularisation and the changes, politically and economically, within society can be seen to appear in many recent contributions to the sociological debate about religion. Marx has the most significant contrast towards the arguments of Durkheim and Weber, as he was much more strongly concerned with the effects and influence of capitalism and that religion is merely an illusion, shaped by economic factors to aid the dominant classes. Although they differ, all three are responsible for influencing many contemporary sociologists in their analysis of religion and it's decline in the twenty-first century. Marx's view of religion is a revision and extension of Feuerbach's theology. Marx, who was a convert to

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  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Social studies
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What are the manifestations of neoliberalism in the European city? To what extent can we find features of neo-liberalism in the entrepreneurial city? Is it a total or a partial change?

Fordism = post-war theory, workers = consumers: link between productivity and wages (purchasing power). wages policy ? Wall Street 1929 crisis: excess of speculation in the world? › change of economic system INTRODUCTION European cities are mostly characterised by advanced capitalist economies but they went through a series of mutations since the past two decades. Which mechanisms are hidden behind these new urban forms and policies? Why this change and what is its nature? Has it occurred suddenly or is it the result of an evolution? (immediate effects or only today)? Natural change or political choice? What are the manifestations of neoliberalism in the European city? To what extent can we find features of neo-liberalism in the entrepreneurial city? Is it a total or a partial change? Has the impact of neo-liberalism totally or partially shaped the entrepreneurial city in Europe? To begin with, the shift will be explained in a general economic context will be examined. Secondly, parallels between neo-liberalism and the entrepreneurial city will be studied while also noticing that neoliberalism has not only shaped positively the European city. The economic dimension of the entrepreneurial city will be asked; does it control everything? Are not there any aspects of the entrepreneurial city that have not been shaped by the economic logic? The aim of the essay is to show

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  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Social studies
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Construct a defence for Public service broadcasting based on its role in Reflecting national identity. What Drawbacks does this approach to public service broadcasting have?

Nomalanga M. siwela Ba (hons) advertising and media production Sound and moving image: context Mea 092 Unit co-ordinator: dean Lockwood Submission date: 19 December 2003 Question: CONSTRUCT A DEFENCE FOR Public service broadcasting based on its role in Reflecting national identity. What Drawbacks does this approach to public service broadcasting have ? In the British context, Public service broadcasting (PSB) has and still determines a standard definition of Broadcasting as a system since the establishing of the BBC in 1927, which grew out of recommendations of the Crawford committee. Since then broadcasting has become an important medium for the freedom of expression whether receiving or delivering it. PSB has historically sought to ensure that its signals are available to all and it is self-evident to the Public broadcasting community that no one should be disenfranchised by distance or geographical location. As a result bringing the nation into a sense of singular existence and prioritising the function of national identity in broadcasting. PSB is a service provided to inform, educate and entertain its audience or public. These functions were initially to be developed in British broadcasting under the first director general of the BBC- Lord Reith, who incidentally viewed the entertainment aspect of the service as being the least in terms of priority. The

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  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Media Studies
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Contract Law.

University of Essex Department of Law LW 101 - Contract Law (2003-2004) First Term Assignment On 14th July 2003, Wivenhoe Cycles Ltd wrote to Easy-Transport plc of London saying "We would like to buy 100 units of the Raleigh bicycles advertised in your latest catalogue; please advise us of your lowest price for 100 units to be delivered on 1st September 2003." Easy-Transport plc received the letter on 15th July 2003 and replied the same day saying: "Our lowest price for 100 units of Raleigh Bicycles to be delivered on 1st September 2003 is £10,000; any contract for sale and delivery shall be on our standard terms and conditions and we enclose a copy of those standard terms and conditions with this letter." The letter did include a copy of Easy-Transport plc's standard terms and conditions. Clause 6 of those standard terms and conditions states: "Easy-Transport plc reserves the right to charge for goods supplied at 20% beyond the quoted price to reflect any increase in costs that may occur by the dates the items are to be delivered." Wivenhoe Cycles Ltd received that reply on 19th July 2003 and immediately wrote to Easy-Transport plc to order the 100 units of Raleigh bicycles in the following terms: "We hereby order 100 units of Raleigh bicycles at a total and final cost of £10,000. This order and the following contract shall be in accordance with our enclosed terms and

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  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Law
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Compare and contrast the different ways in which organisations seek to control individual employees? Can an individual ever be totally controlled?

MG1051 Organisational Behaviour Essay Essay Question: Compare and contrast the different ways in which organisations seek to control individual employees? Can an individual ever be totally controlled? Control has a great importance in the society we live in, most things in this world need to be controlled some way or the other. Just take for example a set of traffic lights at a road junction; the lights must be controlled perfectly to maintain the objective of organising cars at the junction and therefore maintaining safety on the roads. If the traffic lights were not controlled and kept changing every second there will be chaos at the junction and a higher amount of accidents will occur. In the same way organisations seek to control their employees towards their objectives perfectly, but people are different they have their own minds, different personalities etc.... The concept of control has a number of positive meanings. It stands for predictability, order, reliability and stability. The absence of control from this point of view means anarchy, chaos, disorder and uncertainty. (Huczynski and Buchanan, 1991) Organisations that know the importance of control and realise what control brings for them, strive to control individuals towards to achieving their organisation objectives. This matter in itself should really be an objective for the organisation. Huczynski and

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  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Business and Administrative studies
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