In the next paragraph the setting of the novel is described adding the sense of reality and three-dimensionality exemplifying the theme. It is the beginning of spring so the valley is getting its colours back: “The valley had beaked its way out into the open, moist and yellow” (l.17). The poetic description of the beginning of spring (“After a winter’s gestation in its eggshell” (l.15), creates an optimistic, humorous atmosphere symbolizing a feeling of rebirth and renewal. The narrator goes on by describing the beauty of Kashmir in the past but enumerating it “ex negativo” in a long asyndetic parallelism: “In those days there was no army camp (...), no endless snakes of camouflaged trucks (...), no soldiers”. The narrator describes some kind of an “inverse dystopia “, so the reader ironically does not appreciate the beauty of Kashmir’s environment at the time when Aadam Aziz lived but rather feels upset about what is happening at the time the narrator is telling this story.
But nevertheless Aadam Aziz is not able to enjoy the wonderful environment which is illustrated in the following adversative sentence: “but grandfather’s eyes saw things differently... and his nose had started to itch”(l.31f). Again the narrator is creating suspense by awaking many questions in the reader so he is again forced to continue the story.
In the next paragraph the plot is becoming complicated revealing the eagerly awaited background information. It becomes clear that Aadam Aziz is an educated Kashmiri Muslim and an Indian nationalist. He was exposed to western education, had spent five years in Germany to study medicine and returned home, a doctor, which was already hinted at in the paragraph before: “despite his recently completed medical training” (l.11). During his time abroad he came in contact with the traditions and values of western cultures which totally changed his way of looking at things because now he is able to consider the Indian culture from another point of view or as the narrator illustrates: “he saw through travelled eyes” (l.36f). Now he is not able to admire Kashmir’s beauty but rather recognizes the boundaries of Indian culture: “he noticed the narrowness, the proximity of the horizons” (l.38). He seems to be alienated or even disillusioned perceiving his country of origin as a “hostile environment” (l.42).
The next paragraph represents the climax where the resolution of the inner conflict, the protagonist is facing becomes inevitable and brings a new state of awareness and deeper self-knowledge on the part of the protagonist. This is especially illustrated by changing the narrator’s point of view from a rather objective informative to a parodistic –critical one because the prayer of Aadam‘s prayer is all along interrupted by the comments of the first person omniscient narrator. As a consequence we gain more information about Aadam’s resignation: His European experience bestowed upon him a scientific and rationalist view of the world. Europe has effected a dislocation in respect of his origin and religion which is highlighted by the experience he had with his German friends: “he learned that India- like radium-had been discovered by the Europeans (...) he somehow was the invention of their [the European’s] ancestors” (l.61-66). By using the verbs “discover” and the noun “invent” it becomes clear that Western people rather objectify resp. do not respect Indian cultures and values which led Aadam into his inner crisis or as the narrator explained right the beginning: “leaving him at vulnerable to women and history” (l.10).
At the end of the story the narrator refers back to the exposition that there will be a “permanent hole” (l.80) in Aadam’s heart “trapped between belief and disbelief” (l.70f).
So coming to the end, one can draw the conclusion that Salman Rushdie intends to make the colonial traces and especially the impacts of western ideology on Indian society a subject of discussion. Aadam Aziz is not able to live with the changes the British brought to India and is struggling for a compromise coping both the western and traditional Indian norms and values.
by
saiagash99gmxde (student)
