Account for the decline of Austrian influence in Germany from 1851 to 1863

Furthermore, Austria was no longer supported by Russia. The Crimean war made Russia treated Austria as an enemy and hence she could not act with considerable foreign support.

Economically, the Austrian failed to seek support from its brother states. Her two possible proposals

, namely the formation of a larger economic unit within the confederation under Austria and the admission to the Zollverein were rejected by many German states. She could only concluded a commercial treaty with Prussia in 1853.

Moreover, Austria faced a financial hardship. Her expenses were spent in several military activities including the control of her Hungarian subject , the expedition in Italy in 1859 which resulted from a loss of Lombardy and the prolonged mobilization of her troops in Crimean War. This made Austria hard to do any intervention with insufficient capital.

Internally, Austria was tired of her domestic unrests too. Being a multi-racial empire, her national boundary included many other subjects like Hungarians. With the influence of nationalism, they eventually organize tides of revolts. Therefore the Austria Empire was too busy to deal with the unrest, thus this weakened her power.

The democratic attempt of unifying Germany had failed during the 1848-49 revolutions and there was widespread sentiment among the Germans in favour of unification. There was a growth of national feeling in Germany, but that there were barriers to its further growth. Among them were foreign powers' interests in Germany. In other words, in order for Bismarck to unify Germany he had to eliminate all the other powers that posed a threat to German unification. Bismarck was a cunning politician who always made the other side seem the aggressor and in this way always appeared the victim.

Austrian domination was an obstacle of unification.

Austria empire dominated the german confederation(they were under the presidency of austria) and the italian states(the states mainly the central states of Parma, Modena and Tuscany were either controlled by austrian princes or under austrian ruling). There were several attempts for unification. For german cofederation, for example, frankurt assembly was held in 1848 which disscussed the the unification of germany(the unification whether included austria or not). However it was dissolved by Austria rather by Prussia as the Prussian king did not accept the crown it offered. For italy, mazzini led revolts in modena and parma(italian states) in order to set up a republican italy. However the revolts were suppressed by austria.

France French intervention was another obstacle of unification.

For german confederation, france had great influence over the southern catholic german states. French ambition in Germany? Napoleon III preferred a weak divided Germany? For example, the unification was not complete until prussia defeated france in 1871. For italy, mazzini and geribaldi set up a republic in rome but it was suppressed by france in 1949. The rule of the pope was restored and the french troops stationed at rome. Why did France protect Rome?

Both german and italians were not united which was a great obstacle of unification. The disunity of German and Italians nationalists hindered the unification.

For germany, after austro-prussian war in 1866, the north german confederation was formed, however the southern germany was excluded, the north and the south have cultural and econonmics difference, the southern part was richer; therefore the german states were not united. For italy, people were not enthusiastic for unification. The northern and southern parts of italy had cultural and economics differences. The northern was industrial areas while the southern was farming areas. The former was richer. Or you should mention the different 'plans' for unification in Italy and Germany.

During the unification movements both countries did not have enough economics supports. For germany, there were no states strong enough economically to lead the unification since there were trade barriers among states. Until, the set up of zollverein in 1834, there was economics tie among states.meaning??? For italy, there were also lack of economics tie. Too brief Until 1859, cavour, the prime minister of piemont-sardinia, established economics reform and there were money for unification.