To perform this experiment I shall place 100cm3 of water into the calorimeter then measure the temperature utilising the thermometer. I shall then create a system to reduce the amount of heat lost to the surroundings. I shall also measure the mass of the sprit burner (with the lid on to prevent evaporation) with the alcohol selected being contained within.
The calorimeter containing the water will then be placed into the stand about 13cm above the sprit burner. I shall then place the sprit burner (without the lid) under the calorimeter and lit the wick using a flame. I shall be checking the temperature and stirring the water until it rises by about 13oC (due to the temperature still rising after the removal of the heat). I shall place the lid back on to the burner to prevent evaporation. The highest temperature reached will be noted.
I shall measure the mass of the burner (again with the lid on) and record the mass. I shall then perform this experiment again with another three different alcohols and fresh water.
The four different alcohols I have chosen to use are: Methanol, Ethanol, Propan-1-ol, and Butan-1-ol. I have chosen those four alcohols due to them all being straight chains and their molecular make-up are almost identical except for the amount of CH2s involved.
There are many hazards in this experiment. The hazard that is most prominent would be fire. The danger of fire is that it will set alight many objects, and will burn people and cause intense pain to the victim. There are hazards that come with the chemicals that are used for the experiment.
The hazards of methanol and ethanol are very similar. The both have highly flammable vapour which will light above 13oC. The vapour has a narcotic effect if inhaled.
If methanol or ethanol is swallowed the casualty must wash out there mouth with a glass or two of water. If the casualty seems to be drunk or if methanol is involved seek medical attention. If the vapour is inhaled remove the casualty to fresh air and keep them warm. If it is splashed into the eyes the casualty’s eyes should be flooded with gently running tap water for approximately 10 minutes, and then seek medical attention. If it is spilt on the skin or clothing the contaminated clothing must be removed and the affected area washed thoroughly with cold water, and the contaminated clothing must be soaked to reduce the fire risk. If it is split in the lab all sources of ignition must be shut off, all windows must be opened, mineral absorbent must be applied to the spill and scooped up into a bucket and water must be added.
Propan-1-ol and butan-1-ol are very similar. They both are highly flammable. If it is inhaled it can be harmful. The vapours cause headaches, dizziness and irritate the eyes. If swallowed wash the casualty’s mouth with water and seek medical attention. If inhaled the casualty must be taken to fresh air to rest and be kept warm. If splashed into the eyes the casualty’s eyes must be flooded for 10 minutes with gently running cold tap water and must seek medical attention.
