There was also another policy - The One child policy was not the first policy designed to control China's PGR dilemma there was also a policy called 'late, spacing and few'.

There was also another policy

The One child policy was not the first policy designed to control China’s PGR dilemma there was also a policy called ‘late, spacing and few’. This policy was discussed in the 1950’s and 1960’s and enforced in the 1970’s by Premier Zhou Enlai. The aim of this policy was to reduce the birth rate of their population to 20 per thousand per year by 1980 from 30 per thousand per year. In this policy couples were encouraged to marry later, leave four years between children and the maximum numbers of children were two. This policy was replaced by the one child policy in 1980.

IN 1980 1 child policy starts INTRO

In 1980 the Chinese government introduced the one child policy to stop their PGR spiralling out of control even more then it has done so far. Their aims were to reduce the birth rate to 13 per thousand per year and to slow down the PGR dramatically. They predicted that the Chinese population would not be over 1.2 billion by the year 2000. In 1994 1.1 billion people lived in China that was more then in any other country in the world. In 1994 the Chinese PGR was equal to 22% of the rest of the world’s population. Since the 1950’s the population has been spiralling out of control. So in 1980 the Chinese government introduced the one child policy. But the United Nations predicted that the Chinese government’s one child policy would not be successful and there population would be over 1.3 billion by the beginning of the 21st century, and the United Nation’s prediction was right. Although the one child policy started out very well when 24 million couples whom already had children signed up. At first the main rules given by the Chinese government to abide by according to the one child policy agreement were, marry latter over the age of 40 and have a small family. The main reasons stated by the Chinese government for these rules were to help the PGR problem and to lavish all the couple’s energy and attention upon their small family.

multiple births

If a woman has multiple births the cruel rules enforced by the Chinese government and their harsh one child policy forbid her to keep more then one of her newly born babies. The mother has to choose which of her newly born children she will keep and which she will send to their deaths. Children who are taken from their parents are placed into orphanages and are exposed to cruelty; they are left unattended to by an adult tied to chairs, cribs and other furniture in rooms called dying rooms to die due to starvation, malnutrition or disease. What ever happened to human rites? Only a lucky few orphan children are adopted by western couples.

The Chinese governments slogan became “one child is good.” Although many Chinese citizens may not agree. The couples who did agree to the one child policy did receive some privileges in return for doing so which include free education, guaranteed work, guaranteed pension, priority in housing health care and jobs. First time mothers were allowed extra maternity leave from work with full pay.

The Chinese government outlined these point very well and most of the Chinese public thought that this was a once in a life time opportunity and snapped it up. But there was a loophole to only having one child. If two single children were to grow up and marry they were allowed to have two children. But there are disadvantages to agreeing to the one child policy which are not underlined so well, they receive no state allowances and they receive heavy pay reductions and extra taxes.

So the Chinese government basically don’t want there citizens to have any children but they knew that they could not enforce that idea as it was too immoral because god intended humans to reproduce. Over 10 million couples have signed the pledge of the one child policy.

Violating the policy!!!

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Violating the policy!!!

But if a couple violate their one child policy agreement they must pay back maternity, medical and childcare expenses as well as pay fines (normally a year’s salary), no more free schooling and they receive loss of pensions jobs and housing. Before couples try to conceive they must get permission and a licence from the local authorities. In some areas of China the local authorities are strict with giving permission and licenses to couples to allow them to have a child, and abortions are strongly encouraged. Every year the Chinese government gives every area in China a quota (a quote on how many births that the citizens in that area are allowed to have.)

Thing the chinese people do to escape the government

To escape the Chinese government and their cruel one child policy regime some women go to the length of giving birth in secret and concealing their family. But most pregnant women having a second child are forced into abortions mainly by the army as China is a communist state and sometimes the pregnant are even forced into exile. These so called rules to ensure development at a safe pace can sometimes traumatise and mentally scare couples for life. These measures are taken place although many religions encourage starting families and having a large amount of children. In addition it is in Chinese culture and tradition to have many children beginning from the late emperor Yangdi (AD 581-618) who had many wives for the purpose of producing many children so this makes the one child policy controversial.

making the policy more realistic

To make their one child policy more realistic, enforceable and practical the Chinese government legalised abortions and were strongly in favour of them, set up many clinics were they helped with birth control, encouraged abortions, and supplied free contraception and education about making the ‘family planning policy’ work.

40 years dependence not very realistic

Evan though the Chinese government took extreme measures to make their one child policy more realistic many Chinese citizens think it is still not practical enough. Now days the Chinese life expectancy is 70 years of age. So if a couple were to have a child they would have to be there for the child and support them for at least 40 years. So for many couples this is not practical mainly because they could not be there for their child when he/she might need it most due to the fact that one of the rules enforced by the One child policy is to marry later after the age of 40. But the question is did the Chinese government employ this by purpose being extremely ingenious and sly or by mistake being extremely foolish and unpractical?

loop hole going abroad

If a woman tried to go abroad and have a child it would not be a very good loophole

to brake through the binds of the one child policy as she would not be permitted to re- enter China. There were exceptions to this rule but there was not a very good chance of being accepted back into China, as only members of certain minorities that have a very small population were let back into China to continue with their large families. This was a clever and cunning move by the Chinese government as only 1% of the population of China belonged to certain minority groups.

at the begging of the 1 child policy boys better than girls

At the begging of the one child policy people living in rural areas were allowed to have a second child if the first was a girl, but this soon changed as it was soon decided that they were only allowed to have one child. Traditionally boys have been valued more highly than girls have because boys keep the family name going and are expected to look after their parents when they become elderly where as girls join another family and change their surname when they get married. This is tradition all through out china not just in rural areas. Most couples who live in the city have signed the pledge of the one child policy, and have stuck by it mainly because couples who live in the city are less attached to tradition, they are more educated so they are more likely to pursue a career and don’t really have the time or space for a large family. But couples in the country side have not accepted the one child policy as easy as the city couples because they believe in tradition and they desperately want a son so that he can keep the family name going and look after his parents when they become senior citizens. This is one of the many reasons why there is an increasing amount of abandoned and orphaned girls in China, as well as a huge gender difference in China. To challenge this lots of births are not recorded and tests to find out the sex of the baby before it is born are now banned.

boys in other countries gender difference

Gender difference

In 1994 51.5% of the recorded Chinese population was male and 48.5% were female this began to cause a huge gender imbalance. In 1995, there were 118 boys under the age of 5 for every 100 girls born in China. But in the rest of the world 106 boys are born for every 100 girls born. That’s why there are about 90 million bachelors who can not find wives in China (it is likely to continue in this pattern in the future.) This has caused a crime wave in some areas of China were it has become common for women to get kidnapped and sold as wives. This is only a minor extent of the damaged caused by the One child policy.

TRADITION FAILOR

There has been a large reduction of the tradition of caring for the elders of your family in China, although Chinese children have been taught to respect and care for their elders when they become elderly since the1100’s. In 1996 the Chinese government passed a law to punish any offspring who don’t support their elders. As the population of senior citizens start to become more then the population of people who work the problem will only get worse.

When the communists came it’s their entire fault

China’s population has been growing slowly for most of its history. At first the birth rate was high and the death rate was also high. In the 1950’s the Chinese life expectancy was 40 years of age. In a thousand years China’s population doubled from 50 million to 100 million. It took forty years for the population to double from 500 million to 1 000 million. The communists gained power of China in 1949 and encouraged the population to grow, so it is basically there fault that the China’s PGR has spiralled out of control so badly because if they hadn’t encouraged their population to grow, it might not have been such a problem as it has become now.

To make the situation worse the death rate started fall due to improvements in living conditions, so the population started to grow frighteningly. Since 1949 the average life expectancy in China has risen from 40 years of age to about 70 years of age. The communists encourage the population to grow even though they suspected that it might become a problem, because they saw the large population of China in a very selfish way. Their point of view was, each person is an extra pair of hands to help defend and develop the country but this view came back to haunt them.

answer to question by government official

When Vice-Premier Zou Jiahua was asked why the one child policy was so cruel. He replied, “If the population problem is not dealt with, it will be impossible to ensure healthy economic and social development.

is the 1 child policy a success

According to the Chinese government, China’s one child policy was a success as the PGR has been reduced by 200 million less than it would have been with out the one child policy.

change in family formation

Now a normal family is a 4-2-1 system that consists of four grandparents, 2 parents and 1 child. Because of this many Chinese children become very spoiled and overweight they are often called “little emperors and empresses.” In some areas there has been a rise in juvenile misbehaviour, crime and violence and lots of people say it is due to the change in family structure, for making the young Chinese expect more attention.

What the Chinese people think

Many Chinese citizens believe that their government is cruel and are basically telling their citizens how to live their lives, like they are gods.

Many people from the west expect this sort of behaviour from the communist Chinese government as they have learnt from the Russian communism party. Although communism aim is to give equal rites to all.

Effect on the rest of Asia’s PGR

China’s one Child policy has also had an effect on the rest of Asia’s PGR as it has also started to slow down because they didn’t want to face the same problems as the Chinese.

OTHER PROBLEMS THAT CHINA MIGHT FACE IN THE FUTURE DUE TO THE RAPIDLY INCREASING PGR AND THE ONE CHILD POLICY:

In the future China could face many problems due to the rapidly increasing population of China and the one child policy such as worries over the fact if China will be able to feed its population.

Mountains and deserts take up Two thirds of China and only 10% of the land is available for cultivation (farming).

At the moment China is struggling to feed all of its population, and if the Chinese PGR continues to grow rapidly it will not be able to produce enough food to feed their population this could cause billions of deaths. If the Chinese PGR continues to grow at the current pace the Chinese population will reach 1.5 billion by 2015 that means it would have multiplied by three in fewer than three years. The amount of quantity of land (arable land) is decreasing and the growth rate in grain production has begun to slow down.

DROUGHT BASICALY FOOD!!!!!!!!!!!!

Another worry is over droughts or famine.

If a severe drought or famine were to occur, many people would be sure to die even if the rest of the world tried to help. Because first of all the Chinese government are petty and stubborn at times and because it takes time to gather together enormously large amounts of food.

Can the Chinese government convince western countries that it has an improving human rights record?

One of the largest worries factors that the Chinese government face is trying to improve their appalling human rite’s record.

Lots of people in Western countries feel that China has a poor human rites record.

Because of the way that the Chinese government treats their population, how they force abortions and the one child policy and the bad conditions of orphans. This is an important issue because the USA and many other countries wants to see a better record of human rites before giving the Chinese more permission to trade with western countries.

PROOF OF THE PGR CRISIS AND THE FAILIOR OF THE ONE CHILD POLICY

There is lots of proof to show that the Chinese are facing a terrible PGR dilemma and that the one child policy enforced by the Chinese government is not achieving the results expected of it. In Shanghai one of the most crowded cities in China the population has grown from 5 million in 1948 to about 14 million in 1993 many people are outraged by this, considering the cruelty and hurt caused by the notorious one child policy and inflicted on the Chinese citizens. I think that this is simply un-acceptable. China’s population has grown from 540 million in 1949 to 1.1 billion in 1990 doesn’t this prove that the one child policy is not sufficient enough to continue. China’s population was equivalent to a quarter of the rest of the world’s population in 1999 this goes on to show no improvements in the Chinese PGR crisis. In my point of view the one child policy must be taken out of action.

The end

China has the largest population in the world and I understand the dilemma that the

Chinese government is facing is very tough but I don’t think introducing a one child policy was the right way to go about solving it as they violate many human rites laws and it is immoral and indecent. The one child policy is controversial because the Chinese traditionally had large families. I think that China should have consulted the United Nations about how to resolve their predicament.

Population density’s

The West of China has about 10% of the population living in 60% of the land area. Where as some areas have less than 1 person per kilometre squared.

The highest population densities are found in the eastern lowlands. The floodplains in

the eastern lowlands have fertile soils and longer growing seasons which contributes to the population being so high in those areas.

There was also another policy - The One child policy was not the first policy designed to control China's PGR dilemma there was also a policy called 'late, spacing and few'.

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