C). The supporters of the united party may have been disappointed at the result of this general election as the united party held the majority of the votes meaning also that the united party had the higher percentage of votes! However because of the clause in the ‘constitution of 1910 that had given rural areas a larger weighting’ resulting in Malan winning a greater number of parliamentary seats because most of his support came from the countryside. This is why supporters may have been disappointed with this general election
D). Well sources D, F and H all being different have all different angles. Source D says that Dr Verwoerd ‘helped the chiefs by giving them good laws’ chiefs being the leaders of the Bantustans we assume it goes on to say that he gave them education ‘gave our schools proper education’ proof he did we see in 1953 when Dr Verwoerd passed the ‘Bantu education Act.’ The tone of this source is good and puts the Bantustans in good light, this challenges the view of Bantustans in source E written by Albert Lutuli, a Zulu chief and president of the African National Campaign in 1962.’ Twelve years after the ‘Group areas Act 1950.’ The tone is bad and Albert uses words like ‘home of disease and poverty’ and ‘our home is the white mans garbage can.’
However, source F seems to agree with source D in saying that the ‘Black’ race was entitled to an education! However this was only to a certain level ‘what is the use of teaching a Bantu child mathematics when it cannot use it in practice?’ Dr Verwoerd believed school ‘must equip a black pupil to meet the demands which south Africa will impose upon him!’ therefore this source must oppose the views of source E. source H, however, almost entirely agrees with source E. source E states that the Bantustan ‘the dumping ground of undesirable elements,’ criminals and delinquents. They are the places where the old and the sick are sent when the cities have taken what they had to offer! In agreement source H’ which is a ‘government circular issued in 1967,’ says ‘ the Bantu who have to be resettled in the homelands are: the unfit, doctors, attorneys, agents, traders and industrialists who are not regarded as essential to the European labor market.’ As well as others so source H strongly agrees with source E and sources D and F agree with each other but not with source E.
E). Looking at the sources D, G and I, I find out what effect Apartheid had on South Africa. Source G is particularly useful as it gives us an indication of how education and the standard of education were in this time; around the time of the Bantu education act was passed. So it was not only a case of giving one pupil more than the other it was how much was given to the entire school as all students were separated because of other laws and acts commonly known as ‘petty apartheid.’ The source tells us that, at first glance, the white pupils generally received more than any other pupil from another race. ‘Annual average spending on school pupils per head, White - £63.92, Black - £8.99.’ This tells us that all people weather Black or White; were entitled to an education it also tells us that the Whites were held in the highest regard – therefore received a better education, and Blacks the lowest – therefore received a lower standard of education. This would not be caused by not allowing Black schools to have a high standard of education but simply not giving them enough money to be able to have good schools. Purely just looking at source G with no accompanying knowledge of Apartheid we could also assume that the white race also had a better standard of living, as they were the ‘favored’ race, with terms of money. This source is also useful as it would be quite reliable, seeing as it was published by the African government and not random people, magazines, or newspapers that could have biased views.
Source D was useful in finding out what effect Apartheid as it mentions the ’Bantu’ and the ’chiefs’ thus telling us about Bantustans and that they had their own chiefs that someway control laws to any extent. Also when it says ‘gave our schools proper education’ shows that even though apartheid was a form of segregation it still offered all people education. The poem was after all produced by the Department of Native Affairs and so might be slightly biased this does reduce how useful the source is and should always be considered when using it as evidence to back up accusations.
We find, from source I, that all ‘Black Africans over the age of 16’ had to carry a passbook this information was useful as it was basically the key to all the African rights that they had. One of the things the passbook contained was a weekly signature of the employer. This, as a rule of apartheid, affected the people as it meant that they were forced to hold them constantly and update them. This might cause aggravation to the employer and far of being lashed out on or not having the passbook with you at all. The source is useful as it was only the information carried in pass books and therefore not subject to manipulation as the information was carried in every pass book and could easily be compared to other pass books.
F). Much evidence in the history of south Africa in the 1950’s, 1960’s, 1970’s support the view in source K in that ‘Apartheid could never work and was harmful to south Africa,’ after all this was the reason why organizations like the ANC, the PAC and Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) were started. People protested, like in Sharpeville and the protests in Sophiatown against the methods of Apartheid. Apartheid had such an effect that even peaceful protest was soon not enough as Nelson Mandela says ‘a freedom fighter learns the hard way. At a certain point, one can only fight fire with fire.’ From his book ‘long walk to freedom.’ Source E also shows agreement to source K when Albert Lutuli talks about the Bantustans as a place of ‘miserable poverty’ and this was imposed to all Black Africans since the passing of the ‘Group Areas Act 1950’ but it is only human nature to fight for yourself and your human rights, people like Trevor Huddleston, a monk that worked for the benefit of the South Africans, he was a white man from Bedford he also saw the damage that Apartheid was doing to the country and fought against it. Source H a government circular told the truth about the kind of people who were sent to the Bantustans, this indicates some effect that was caused, as only the ‘Black’ and people ‘not regarded as essential’ as well as criminals were sent there the White communities cherry-picked the people they wanted to stay there and the rest were cast out into the afore mentioned Bantustans. Source J shows people protesting against a bank that invested in South Africa in 1976. This could be caused by the fact that the people protesting thought that it was immoral and that what was going on in South Africa was wrong and harmful, supporting source K.
but not everyone thought Apartheid was harmful. As in source D the poem about Verwoerd, the man who enforced the system maybe the most in South Africa's history, calls him ‘our redeemer’ and say he helped them when they ‘could not manage.’ He truly believed in his racist views and thought also that it was God’s will to separate all the races. Subsequently he wasn’t the only one as the entire nation near enough had to, just to but the system in practice. Some call him the founder of Apartheid; Dr Malan would not have been voted into parliament in the first place if people didn’t agree with his point of view, even if was on a technicality that he won.
My personal opinion however agrees with source K in that it was both, unworkable and harmful to South Africa and its people. After all the government had been through to establish Apartheid the country was ridiculed when they failed to convict any one of 156 men and women in the Treason Trial! Also in Sharpeville where 67 people were killed and many more injured! As stated in ‘Encyclopedia Britannica yearbook 1960’ this also embarrassed the country and government. Apartheid was unworkable as it is human instinct to protect what life you have or for a better life which was the case for many people and why movements like the PAC and ANC were founded. As shown in source J Apartheid also did not have the support of all other countries of the world and their views seemed very similar to that of the Nazi’s. When the AWB came along, an ultra right-winged organization ‘Afrikaner Resistance Movement’ around the end of the term of Dr Verwoerd they refused to integrate with the native Africans or anyone non-white. They attacked sometimes killing black people to try to prevent the fall of the system of Apartheid. All this concludes that apartheid was harmful and unworkable to South Africa!
