Before I was doing experiment I made a list with the Equipment and Materials which I needed to do my Experiment
Equipment to use
-200ml aluminium calorimeter
-500ml plastic calorimeter
-Thermometer
-Fuel-burner
-Triangle-stand
-Heatproof mat
-Fire Resistant underground
-Safety goggles
-impervious clothing
-gloves
-Respiratory protection
may be required
Materials to use
-100ml of Ethanol
-100ml of Methanol
-100ml of Butanol
-Cold water source
For this experiment I didn´t vary anything apart from that I changed the alcohol 3x.I used. There wasn´t any need to vary anything for me.
I decided to repeat the experiment with each alcohol 3 times because I thought if you do it 3 times you can get an reliable average, and if you get an anomli you repeat it until you have got 2 two valid readings.
I planned my procedure and I’m trying to stick by that as close as I possibly could get and I think I did that
Results for Ethanol
Results for Methanol
Results for Butanol
Difficult Calculations about alcohols
Example Butanol
Moles of Butanol burned=Mass of Butanol burned
RFM of Butanol
Energy released= m x c xΔT
(Mass of water x 4.2 x Temperature rise)
Energy released per Energy released
Mole of Butanol burned= Moles of Butanol burned
Diagram of the Experiment
Equipment to use
-200ml aluminium calorimeter
-500ml plastic calorimeter
-Thermometer
-Fuel-burner
-Triangle-stand
-Heatproof mat
-Fire Resistant underground
-Safety goggles
-impervious clothing
-gloves
-Respiratory protection
May be required
Materials to use
-100ml of Ethanol
-100ml of Methanol
-100ml of Butanol
-Cold water source
Safety
During the process where the Experiment is running you must know some rules:
-You always have to wear safety goggles
-You need to wear a lab-coat
-You need to wear gloves
-You are not allowed to sit you have to stand all the time
-stick by the rules, if you are not sure asks a teacher
- do not try any stupid things with the fuels and burners.
-You have to be very careful with the fuel in the burner it is highly flammable
-never leave an open flame out of your eyes
Properties of Ethanol, Methanol and Butanol
Ethanol
It is a colourless and volatile liquid which is highly flammable.
Methanol
It is a colourless mobile liquid which is highly flammable.
Butanol
It is a colourless flammable liquid.
Sources
Procedure
It is based on a previous experiment which is changed.
Safety
The information about the safety I got from a book
Croner´s Substances: Hazards to health
Properties
The information about the properties of the alcohols I got from the book Croner´s Substances: Hazards to health
Bond Energy (kj/mol)
C-OH 402
C-H 435
C-C 347
H-O 467
C=O 805
Molecular Formula Structural
Ethanol
C2H5OH
Methanol
CH3OH
Butanol
CH3H2CH2CH2OH
Relative Formular Mass
Ethanol Worked Example Ethanol
C2H5OH Cx1 2x12= 24
Hx1 5x1 = 5
Ox1 1x16= 16
RFM=46 Hx1 1x1 = 1
46
Methanol
CH3OH
RFM=32
Butanol
CH3CH2CH2CH2OH
RFM=74
Calculations for alcohols
Results for Butanol
Bond Breaking
Enthalpy of Combustion of Ethanol
Balanced Equation:
2C2H5OH +6O2 ------- 4C02 +6H20
Structural Formula:
Enthalpy of Combustion of Methanol
Balanced Equation:
2CH3OH+3O2----------2CO2+4H20
Structural Formula:
Enthalpy of Combustion of Butanol
Balanced Equation
2C4H7OH + 12O2-----------8C02 + 10H2O
Structural Formula:
Evaluation
I believe that the procedure which I used was very good and I obtained very good evidence with my simple procedure.I had 1 anomili in my second reading for Butanol but I did a third reading
I think my results were relieable because I didn´t have many anomalis but I believe that this experiment was not as accurately as it could have been because:
1:Because of the Heat loss on the top and side on the beaker.
2:Incomplete Combustion
3:There is heat which never arrives at the beaker because of winds.
4:That not all the water was the same temperature.
I could have improved my results by isolating the the beaker from the top and the sides
I could have build a wall where no wind would have gone through.