Explain what is meant by thermal pollution and discuss the implications for life if a body of water is affected by thermal pollution

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CHEMISTRY

Explain what is meant by thermal pollution and discuss the implications for life if a body of water is affected by thermal pollution

Thermal pollution is the degradation of water quality by any process that alters the temperature of a natural water body. This state predominantly arises from the waste heat generated by industrial processes, such as the generation of electricity. Water when used as a coolant for electrical power systems is simply returned back to the water source, affecting the dissolved oxygen (D.O) levels as well as water temperature, as shown in the diagram, posing significant implications for aquatic life. In the United Kingdom, it is estimated that one half of all river flow is used for cooling purposes and hence elevated water temperatures.

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Direct thermal shock creates severe stresses on aquatic ecosystems including depressed dissolved oxygen content, decreased biodiversity and the redistribution of organisms in the local community. Increased water temperatures raises the metabolic rate of aquatic organisms, this escalation of enzyme activity leads to organisms taking in greater quantities of nutrients and gases, hence altering the balance of a species composition which can lead to migration as they adapt to changed thermal conditions. This is fatal for stenothermic organisms, like the Rainbow Trout, that rely on enzyme systems that operate in only narrow temperature ranges.

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