Another factor that should be included is that the shielding effect is present in the Ca but not in Na since Ca has more that 3 shells unlike Na. In conclusion to my assumption, I find that Na2CO3 will be more soluble in the liquids than CaCl2.
Materials
Chemicals
Liquids → H2O, HCl, NaOH, C4H6, CH4COOH
Solids → CaCl2, Na2CO3
Variables
Dependent Variable → Solubility
Independent Variable → Mass of solid, volume of liquid, temperature (22°C)
Control Variable → Solid and liquid compounds
Procedure
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Assemble 10 ml of distilled H2O in a test tube.
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Then add 0.25g of CaCl2 into the test tube. Record your observations.
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Repeat the steps 1-2 with the following liquids: HCl, NaOH, C4H6, CH4COOH.
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Assemble 10 ml of distilled H2O in a test tube.
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Then add 0.25g of Na2CO3 into the test tube. Record your observations.
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Repeat the steps 4-5 with the following liquids: HCl, NaOH, C4H6, CH4COOH.
N.B: use different Test Tubes for each experiment.
Data Collection
Data Processing and Presentation
Both CaCl2 and Na2CO3 are soluble in numerous liquids. CaCl2 is soluble in HCl and H2O are an acceptable rate. This meaning that the after a short period of time, the CaCl2 was not visible by the naked eye. Furthermore, Na2CO3 is soluble in three liquid; H2O, HCl, and NaOH. This therefore shows that in terms of quantity, CaCl2 is less soluble than Na2CO3. However, CaCl2 dissolves at a faster rate in both H2O and HCl than its competing solid; Na2CO3.
Errors that can be associated with this investigation can be the fact that the naked eye was the source of collecting the data. Also another factor could be that the laboratory experiment was carried out only one time resulting in a less accurate reading of the solubility. The speed could be another source of error as a stopwatch was not used but a clock in the classroom was.
Conclusion
To conclude this experiment, it can be suggested that both solids are soluble in different ways. First of all, CaCl2 is more soluble than Na2CO3 in the rate of solubility as the graph show this too. Even though the graph shows the rate of solubility against the temperature CaCl2 is more soluble if speed is taken into account. Na2CO3 is more soluble as a whole in terms of quantity of solubility since Na2CO3 is soluble in 3 different liquids unlike CaCl2 that is soluble in only 2.
The aim is to suggest which one of the soluble is more soluble. This is then shown in the Na2CO3 as is dissolves in more liquids. The hypothesis was then proven correct since it states that Na2CO3 is soluble in more liquids than the other solid.
