Stephen Rooney
Sociology: Crime and Deviance
Theoretical Perspectives: Subcultural Theories
- Highlight marginal groups in society, such as young working class males living in urban areas.
- They explain deviance and criminality in terms of gangs and peer group influences, masculinity and a sense of rejection by the wider society, one outcome being educational failure.
- Subcultures are usually defined as those groups which are in some way antagonistic to mainstream values but which do not prove head-on opposition e.g. Mods and Rockers, punks, skinheads etc. Eventually they 'grow up' and become adults.
- Some groups are antagonistic to the wider society and want to overthrow it or change it by revolutionary and/or violent means. Such groups are referred to as countercultures.
- Groups, which reject mainstream society but create their own separate alternative, are called countercultures. For example the hippie movement.