Socialization in different theories
Each different theory of sociology interprets and sees Socialization in a different way. Functionalism, Interactionism and Marxism all have very different views on the same subject, showing in themselves that everyone in society thinks differently, and therefore, socialization can be interpreted differently by absolutely anyone.
Functionalism (or the consensus theory) is based mainly on the idea that there is a consensus in society, with a set of values and norms, telling us how we should behave. Functionalists argue that society exists because people choose to live together and socialise with one another. Emile Durkheim, a leading exponent of Functionalism argued that these norms and values can only be learnt through a process of socialization, which must continue throughout life. His argument can be validated and backed-up by the story of “The wild boy of Avyeron”, a child isolated for many years in a wood. He never learnt to speak more than a few words or to take an interest in personal hygiene because, as Functionalists might state, he had missed out on a vital part of socialisation to teach him the norms of society. Functionalism theorises that socialisation makes us productive members of society and thus, makes society possible. Functionalists argue that each main institution of socialization is necessary in producing a fully rounded person; the family unit is for rearing the child, education trains the next workforce, and religion teaches morals and values. These are all interdependent. If one institution fails then society will fail, because the particular part of socialization that it provides will disappear and productive members of society cannot be created, thus meaning that society will fail. A great deal of importance is placed upon the norms and values of society by functionalists, meaning that they see socialisation as the most vital need in life, other than the main prerequisites. Functionalism argues that what is important is not the individual, but the social structure and that we all learn the norms and values laid down by society through the process of socialization in order for society to work.
