French Politics- enlightenment , radically socialist
English Economics- industrial revolution
Universal class- breakdown civil society
Wanted to move forward, work to be done- forget the past
- a group following Hegles ideas- bureaucracy would decide what would happen and everyone would be treated equally resulting
- not religion as the unifying source- critique causes problems
Got fired and moved from Germany to France- during the enlightenment
Expressing views openly and wrote book- “League of the Just”-Manifesto this is what we believe. Gets excited in Radicalism and Economics
Marx was a predicter of the future- belived certain things must occur, which in turn cause other things to occur, and inturn socialism can be realized and everyone will be happy. – against Romantic Conservatism. - non violent was Marx
Published by Engel- very scientific and may have interpreted Marxs’ work though his own eyes
Core Marxist concept is “Historical Materialism”
- whats happening, forces to survive and gain wealth to survive is what drives/ decides what will happen.
- Not a theory of motivation- not individual motives driving forces.
- Class conflict leads to change- motor of history
- Conflict between two or more forms of organized society,classes, etc.. leads to change and historical materialism. A complete change in ideas in a field.
People ideas are shaped by the way they live, how they live is based on their. The general means of production.
Disagreed with passive experiences- believed peoples decisions where so influeneced by “this made up God” that it restrictied and shaped everything in their lives.
Durkeim
Social Order- what holds Society together
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Functionalist Perspective: for any given society and for whatever reasons the characteristics of that society have developed, the characteristics have developed because they meet the needs of that society in its particular situation/time, and by doing so; it helps that society survive.
Ideas:
-assumes interdependency- societies are made up of interdependent parts that work together for the common good of that society, and also, to ensure the survival of that society.
Every structure of society is dependent to some extent on other parts of society.- One structure fails all others are effected to some degree.
Functions are manifest (openly stated and obvious in goal- educational system to educate) and others are latent in their function ( not so obvious, secondary function- educational system as a place to go for kids while parents are at work.)
Based on Consensus and Cooperation- societies have a tendency toward Consensus- basic principles that nearly everyone agrees upon ( ex.- freedom and democracy)
Achieve cooperation through striving for consensus- social solidarity, without it chaos
Collective Consciousness is the total sum of shared values, norms, and behaviours that hold society together.
Equilibrium is forced to change only by outside factor to which it must adapt. (new technology, war, etc)
Survival of the Fittest- societies adapt slowly and change only when necessary.
Views on Conflict:
Seen as Dysfunction- part of society- happens because it serves a function is some way. Certain levels of dysfunction are tolerated, however, if an institution becomes too dysfunctional it either changes its function completely, or is dropped, or society breaksdown.
Deviance as a function in society- has an affect on all other parts of society, however the fact that society hasn’t brokedn down shows that it exists in a functional society. It is tolerated to a degree- and regulated ( which creates jobs and sense of security- which in turn furthers society).
