The next step was for me to produce a provision list. This was a list of all the SEN resources, provisions and interventions that we currently have in school. I then went through the list and deleted all the out of date resources and things that we no longer use (a copy of this list can be seen in appendix (iv)). I then physically threw away any out of date materials and things that we never use. I made the list in the hope that it would flag up any gaps in provision. It was successful in doing this as it showed that we had more literacy resources that numeracy. I was then faced with the task of sourcing possible numeracy interventions to compensate for this. To address this I contacted the Lexia group who has supplied us with a literacy software package to trial. They were very helpful and agreed to also let us trial their numeracy software, ‘Symphony’. I also contacted RMmaths, who have been less helpful. Apparently they don’t send out free trials, you’re expected to spend over a thousand pounds for a software package that you have no personal experience of, but that they say works! I’m currently still chasing the latter and trying to convince then to let us trial it fro free.
When I had completed the provision list I made this into my first provision map (appendix (v). This is what I took with me to my next provision map meeting/course. At this session we all looked at each other’s maps. It was quite extraordinary how they all differentiated from one another so much. I found this very interesting as it showed me where to go with our map next.
In my next SEN time at work I made a more personalised provision map (appendix (vi)). This I intend to review termly. I showed this to the Headteacher who was very impressed. He was so impressed with it that he asked me to work with him in developing an action plan for his next meeting with the School Improvement Partner (SIP), John Heap. He was surprised with how well it linked into the school’s personalisation programme, which everyone seems to be talking about at the moment.
Personalised learning is an area that our school is very eager to expand on and exploit to the advantage of our pupil’s with SEN. However, I feel that this is not a new initiative but one that has been the backbone of education for many years, the 1944 Education Act urges schools to provide children with “an education appropriate to the abilities, aptitudes and needs” of every pupil. Surely this is what personalisation is all about, high-quality teaching that is based on what we know about our children’s needs. I feel that ‘personalised learning’ is the latest educational whim currently being pushed to the forefront of educational practices. Not so long ago the ‘buzz phrase’ was VAK (visual, auditory and kinaesthetic) learning, and categorising children into these three groups. It wasn’t long before people such as Baroness Greenfield began to disagree with this and dismiss them as a waste of time (Henry,2007). I think that we need to recognise the various fads that enter the world of education. From these it is important to then be able to recognise which ones are worth grabbing onto and putting into practice. I do feel that personalised learning, if implemented effectively, is a good practice to adopt. This may be easier for smaller settings. Teachers who have to contend with large class sizes may be unable to give pupils one to one time. There are possible ways forward in these scenarios such as smaller groups supported by teaching assistants, but ideally the size of the classes needs to be addressed and reduced.
Personalised learning is also linked to the ECM agenda, by focusing on children achieving the best that they can.
The Primary National Strategy (PNS) developed the ‘waves’ model to represent how various levels of intervention can best be understood and implemented in and organised manner.
The above model of intervention originates from the hypothesis that Wave 1 is the effective inclusion of all children in excellent learning and teaching. The model should enable settings to plan provision systematically and it can be a starting point for any setting wishing to review their provision. The Waves are a way of classifying provision, not categorising children. The ‘Waves of Support’ correspond with the graduated move towards meeting children’s needs as set out in the SEN Code of Practice.
Wave 1 takes into account the learning needs of all the children in the classroom, in a quality and inclusive teaching environment.
Wave 2 is used to describe additional and time-limited interventions that are provided for some children who need assistance to facilitate their progress, to enable them to work at or above age-related expectations.
Wave 3 describes very specific targeted provision that is needed by a minority of children where it is necessary to provide highly personalised intervention to accelerate progress or enable children to fulfil their potential. This may involve the child having one-to-one support or specialist interventions.
I feel that the personalised, highly tailored strategies that children should receive through Wave 3 interventions would be beneficial for all children on the SEN register, ranging from those who are entered at ‘Cause for Concern’ level right through to those who have a statement attached. This is something that the government’s SEN strategy Removing Barriers to Achievement (RBA) is also keen to expand on.
We are actively exploring how to make education more responsive to individual children – how to deliver personalised learning. This means:
- Having high expectations of all children
- Building on the knowledge, interests and aptitudes of every child
- Involving children in their own learning through shared objectives and feedback (assessment for learning)
- Helping children to become confident learners
- Enabling children to develop skills they will need beyond school.
DfES. Removing Barriers to Achievement. (2004, Page 52)
I feel that I have completed all that I set out to do for this target, and more. I feel that I have greatly increased my knowledge in this area, especially considering that I had no idea what a provision map was at the start. I have also been able to feed back to other staff members and help them to understand what a provision map is, how it works and how valuable it is to have up to date information to hand in a format that provides an ‘at a glance’ view of provision available. It was also beneficial as it flagged up areas that had gaps and which I am currently working on rectifying. I believe that this has been beneficial to me and has greatly increased my professional skills and it has been very beneficial to the school. Now, in theory, a child with any form of SEN could be admitted to the school and straight away we should be able to see what interventions are available and put the appropriate ones into place immediately.
Whole-class Teaching
Target: - To teach the whole class, planning for each session and including any differentiation for pupils with SEN.
To enable me to achieve this target I approached the Headteacher and asked if I would be able to teach the whole class on a regular basis, at least until I had completed this module. The Headteacher, the Key stage Two teacher and myself had a meeting together to discuss how we could make this happen. It was agreed that I would take years three and four for literacy and numeracy three times a week and then take years three and four once a week for ICT and then years five and six the following week for ICT. I would continue to alternate this until the end of the summer term. I was also asked if I would like to take the infant class (Foundation Stage and Key Stage One) occasionally on a Thursday afternoon to give me experience across both Key Stages. On rare occasions I also had the opportunity to teach years five and six literacy and numeracy. I was very happy with this arrangement as it gave me a lot more teaching hours than I was expecting.
To prepare myself for the whole-class sessions I tried to gain as much background knowledge as possible. I did this mainly through reading. I felt that if I was prepared to the best of my ability I would be more confident and able to portray what I wanted and expected over to the children more clearly.
Being definite in your teaching is all about knowing what your expectations are of your students. Like predators sensing a weakness in their prey, students come to be instinctively aware of vulnerability and uncertainty in their teachers. Knowing exactly what you want allows you to communicate an air of confidence to your class. From the moment you walk through the door, you must ‘show no fear’.
Cowley (2004 page3).
I prepared my own plans for all the Key Stage Two lessons (examples of these can be seen in appendix (vii)). However, when I took the infant class I was left plans to follow. This was due, I feel, to the class teacher wanting me to teach particular things in a particular way, and maybe feeling a little unsure of leaving her class to a teaching assistant (although I could be wrong as she always leaves plans for supply staff to follow too).
I was given a copy of the long term plan to look at. Initially I found this a little confusing but once the class teacher explained how it worked and that it was on ‘a three yearly roll’ it was easier to follow. I needed to follow the plan for the ICT lessons. The plan told me which QCA units to work through and in which order.
I was apprehensive at first as I was unsure if I would have enough knowledge of ICT to be able to teach the children. However, I took the relevant QCA units home and read through them. I was surprised at how easy the units were to follow and barely had to do any planning as the documents listed what I had to do and what I needed for each lesson. There was minimum preparation for these lessons as it was basically done for me; I just had to ensure that the necessary software was installed on each workstation. This was a hindrance to begin with as I installed the software onto each workstation individually. I was unaware that I could install it on all PCs in one go. The IT technician who comes into school to fix things was able to show me how to access the server and install the software on them all in one go. This proved to be invaluable as it saved a lot of time and a lot of my patience.
To be able to plan effectively for year three and four’s literacy and numeracy sessions the class teacher and myself had weekly planning meetings. This was to ensure continuity. During the weekly literacy sessions we made sure that we were both focusing on the same genre of writing. This enabled all of Key Stage Two to complete a piece of written work in the same genre during our Theme Day (this is a day, usually a Friday, where we focus on our topic of the term such as Tudors or Ancient Greeks etc. During the day the children will complete various activities such as writing, art work, drama etc all to do with the current topic).
I found these meetings invaluable, especially at the beginning as the class teacher was extremely supportive. She helped me set the pace of my lessons and helped me with my planning as at first I was unsure of how many activities to plan. I found it difficult to gauge how much the children would be able to complete in the given time. I was also very conscious of the fact that for some of the sessions I would be observed by the Headteacher. I wanted to appear capable and in control at all times, but even more so when I was being observed.
“Teachers have expectations of what a class of pupils will achieve….Where teachers make them explicit they provide pupils with clear guidance on the standards of behaviour and work which they can rise to…….
Realistic but high expectations of learning provide pupils with the motivation to stay on task.”
Taken from ‘Managing Behaviour in Classrooms’, (page 24).
I also wanted to ensure that all children were catered for and that I differentiated for all abilities, ranging from the children with SEN up to the children on the Gifted and Talented register. However, I also wanted to ensure that all children were appropriately challenged as I feel this is very important.
One of the greatest challenges……is a need to differentiate the activity to meet the needs of children at different developmental stages and different levels of aptitude in their learning. Differentiation is a process by which planned activities are varied to meet the needs of a range of children. Differentiation is a crucial aspect of teaching and learning in classes of up to 30 children, where there may be a wide range of ability.
Kay (2005, page 48).
It is essential for a child’s self-esteem and confidence that they are able to achieve more than they thought possible. I experienced this when I took years three and four for the first numeracy session. One year four little girl who is on the SEN register as she has numeracy and literacy difficulties was convinced that she was unable to do the work that I had set for her. I had prepared my plans and divided the class into four groups, each having a different level of work (obviously I did not tell the children this but I think they are clever enough to work it out for themselves). The little girl was in a group with some of the less able year fours and the more able year threes. Usually she was put into a group with the less able year threes. As she was put into a more able group than she was used to she had a bit of a panic.
High expectations of children are important in determining the child’s self-esteem and confidence in tackling new tasks.
Kay (2005 page 163).
Fortunately, I have worked with this child on a one to one basis during SEN withdrawal time so I know what she is capable of when she has support. I reassured her that she was quite capable of completing the work that she had being given and that I would be on hand if she needed any help. To begin with she was constantly asking for help, but this was more for reassurance than because she was unable to do the work. Once she had got into the swing of it and she felt more confident, she worked independently and got most of the answers correct. This was wonderful for her self-esteem.
If we set our sights low, then this low level is all our students will aim for. Whereas if we have high standards, and expect great things, out students will learn to strive for their best.
Cowley (2004, page 13).
I am very pleased with how my whole-class teaching went. I feel that my planning was very effective and that it gave scope for progression. I planned for differentiation and inclusion as far as possible. However, I do feel that one of the year three boys who is displaying dyspraxic tendencies struggled with some of the activities during numeracy sessions that involved measuring (I always tried to ensure that I had a TA in with me, after negotiation with the class teacher) during these sessions. The child may have felt slightly uncomfortable at not being as capable as his peers despite having TA support. I do feel that I planned well in the hope of avoiding this but despite my best efforts it still occurred, albeit only slightly. It made me realise that a lot of pressure is put on teachers to ensure inclusion of pupils with SEN and even with the best will in the world this is not always attainable. I spoke with the TA and class teacher about inclusion and we all agreed that on some occasions there is always a slight chance that a child could feel ‘a little out of the loop’ but with thoughtful planning and tactful interventions this can be largely avoided.
In Nasen’s view, inclusion is not a simple concept, restricted to issues of placement. Its definition has to encompass broad notions of educational access and recognise the importance of catering for diverse needs. Increasing mainstream access is an important goal. However, it will not develop spontaneously and needs to be actively planned for and promoted. Moreover, inclusive principles highlight the importance of meeting children’s individual needs, of working in partnership with pupils and their parents/carers and of involving teachers and schools in the development of more inclusive approaches. Inclusion is a process not a state.
ISSEN – NASEN Policy Statement: Inclusion (overview).
During the sessions where I had TA support I was less confident than in other lessons. This was due to the fact that I had someone to direct who is essentially the same level as me. This is something that I will have to get used to, and hopefully overcome with more practice. However, on a more positive note I do feel that I utilised the TA’s skills well and my planning ensured that the children with SEN were also given plenty of opportunities to work independently.
Effective use of teaching assistants’ time fosters the participation of pupils in the social and academic processes of the school, seeks to enable pupils to become more independent learners and helps to raise standards of achievement for all pupils.
DfEE (2000).
I also feel that it is vital for the less able children to feel valued and equal in their position in the classroom.
Inclusion is not achieved by having the learning support group sitting in the corner of the classroom anchored to their teaching assistant.
Salmon (2003)
Overall I am extremely pleased with how the sessions that I taught went as the headteacher has since offered me some independent teaching hours next academic year. He was very impressed with the lessons that he observed and with the progress that the children made. I will be teaching year three and four literacy four times a week and numeracy five times a week. I will also continue to teach all four year groups in Key Stage Two for ICT once a week. In addition I will be teaching Foundation Stage and Years one and two every Thursday afternoon. I will also be given weekly PPA time and continue to have weekly planning meetings with the class teacher to ensure continuity.
I feel that I have greatly increased my knowledge of the National Curriculum through reading it as I plan, as I have my knowledge of the QCA documents. I also feel that the knowledge from my colleagues who have a vast amount of experience teaching children is an invaluable resource. From them I am able to glean tried and tested practices that have achieved success, and steer clear of those that have been less successful. I am hopeful that as I continue to plan and teach the children my knowledge of the National Curriculum will continue to grow and planning will begin to be a less arduous process.
Appendix (iii)
Class:__________
Please fill in the names of children in order of priority,
and mark with * the major concerns.
(N.B. Include any children of concern, not just those on the register)
Academic
Literacy
Numeracy
Behaviour
Emotional/social
Speech
Other
Thanks ever so much
Appendix (iv)
Appendix (V)
Appendix (vi)
Appendix (vii)
Lesson plan
References
Cowley, S. (2004). Getting the Buggers to Behave 2. Continuum
Kay, J. (2005). Teaching Assistant’s Handbook Primary Addition.
Continuum.
Visser, J. (2001). Managing Behaviour In Classrooms. David Fulton Publishers.
DfEE. (2000). Working with Teaching Assistants. DfEE Publications.
DfES. (2004). Removing Barriers to Achievement The Government’s Strategy for SEN. DfES Publications.
Salmon, K. (2003). Inclusion is the name of the Brindishe game.
Five to Eleven. Volume 2. P23
Henry, J. (2007) Professor pans ‘learning style’ teaching method.
Sunday Telegraph.
(2008). Education Act 1944. Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2008 [online]. Available from: [Accessed on 31/07/08]
[n.d]. . [online] Available from:
[accessed 18/07/08]
[n.d]. [online] Available from:
[accessed 23/11/07]
[n.d.] [online] Available from: [accessed 23/11/07]
Bibliography
Bruce, T & Meggitt, C. Child Care and Education. 2004. Hodder & Stoughton.
Burnett, G. Learning to Learn – Making Learning Work for All Students. 2003. Crown House publishing.
Cheminais, R. Every Child Matters. A Practical Guide for Teachers. 2006. David Fulton Publisher.
Cowley, S. Starting Teaching How to Succeed and Survive. 1999
Cassell.
Cowley, S. Getting the Buggers to Behave 2. 2004. Continuum.
CLARK, J; DOBSON, B; EDWARDS, S; HENDERSON, L; JONES, G; WARNER, M & YOUNG, S. Target Setting for Pupils with Special Educational Needs Using the P Scales, Practical Guidelines for Schools 2002. 2002. East Riding Print & Design.
Croll, P & Moses, D. Special Needs in the Primary School. 2000.
Cassell.
Fox, G & Halliwell, M. Supporting Literacy and Numeracy. A Guide for Teaching Assistants. 2001. David Fulton Publishers.
Jarvis, P. The Theory & Practice of Teaching. 2001. Kogan Page ltd.
Kay, J. Teaching Assistant’s Handbook Primary Edition. 2005.
Continuum.
Macintyre, C. Dyspraxia 5-11 A Practical Guide. 2001. David Fulton Publishers.
Moon, B. A Guide to the National Curriculum 4th Edition. 2001.
Oxford University Press.
Mukherji, P. Understanding Children’s Challenging Behaviour. 2001.
Nelson Thornes.
Ollerton, M. Getting the Buggers to Add Up. 2006. Continuum Publishing Group.
Stephens, P & Crawley, T. Becoming an Effective Teacher. 1994.
Stanley Thornes (Publishers) ltd.
Visser, J. Managing Behaviour in Classrooms. 2001. David Fulton Publishers.
The National Curriculum. Handbook for Primary Teachers in England.
1999. Jointly published by DfEE and QCA.
DfEE. Working with Teaching Assistants. 2000. DfEE Publications.
DfES. Special Educational Needs Code of Practice. 2001.
DfES Publications.
DfES. The Effective Management of Teaching Assistants to Improve Standards in Literacy and Mathematics. 2005. DfES Publications.
DfES. Targeting Support: implementing interventions for children with significant difficulties in mathematics. 2005. DfES Publications.
East Riding of Yorkshire Council. Wave 3 Update 2007-2008.
Five to Eleven. Volume 2 No.9. 2003
Five to Eleven. Volume 3 No.11. 2004
SEN The Journal for Special Needs. Issue 34. 2008
accessed 4/10/07
accessed 28/09/07
accessed
23/11/07
accessed 22/02/08
accessed 30/01/08
Courses attended
Provision Mapping – Session 1. 22/11/07
7th Annual Inclusion & SEN Conference. 6/02/08
Understanding & Using Data. 26/02/08
Monitoring & Evaluating SEN. 10/04/08
Provision Mapping – Session 2. 16/04/08
Provision Mapping – Session 3. 18/06/08