Boom, another gun shot, another soldier down! Good morning/afternoon Ms Barbour and fellow class mates.

It is clear to see that human qualities have been ascribed to non human things in suggesting that England has been 'blest by the suns of home'. Rupert Brooke is referring the suns of home to the brave soldiers fighting for their country.

Disabled

He sat in a wheeled chair, waiting for dark,

And shivered in his ghastly suit of grey,

Legless, swen short at elbow. Through the park

Voices of boys rang saddening like a hymn,

Voices of play and pleasure after day,

Till gathering sleep had mothered them from him.

About this time Town used to swing so gay

When glow-lamps bubbled in the light blue trees,

And the girls glanced lovelier as the air grew dim,

-In the old times, before he threw away his knees.

Now he will never feel again how slim

Girls' waists are, or how warm their subtle hands.

All of them touch him like some queer disease.

There were an artist silly for his face,

For it was younger than his youth, last year.

Now, he is old; his back will never brace;

He's lost his colour very far from here,

Poured it down shell-holes till the veins ran dry,

And half his lifetime lapsed in the hot race

And leap of purple spurted from his thigh.

One time he liked a bloodsmear down his leg,

After the matches, carried shoulder-high.

It was after football, when he'd drunk a peg,

He thought he'd better join. - He wounders why.

Someone had said he'd look a god in kilts,

That's why; and maybe, too, to please his Meg,

Aye, that was it, to please the giddy jilts

He asked to join. He didn't have to beg;

Smiling they wrote his lie: aged nineteen years.

Germans he scarcely thought of; all their guilt

And Austria's, did not move him. And no fears

Of fear came yet. He thought of jewelled hilts

For daggers in plaid socks; of smart salutes;

And care of arms; and leave; and pay arrears;

Esprit de corps; and hints for young recruits.

And soon, he was drafted out with drums and cheers.

Some cheered him home, but not as crowds cheer goal

Only a solemn man who brought him fruits

Thanked him; and then inquired about his soul.

Now, he will spend a few sick years in institutes,

And do what things the rules consider wise,

And take whatever pity they may dole.

Tonight he noticed how the women's eyes

Passed from him to the strong men that were whole.

How cold and late it is! Why don't they come

And put him to bed? Why don't they come?

Wilfred Owen

Disabled

Wilfred Owen enlisted in the British Army in 1915. In January 1917 he went as an officer to the Soome in France where he encountered the mud and misery of trench warfare. He was killed a week before the end of the War while guiding his company across the Sambre Canal. He said Of his poetry: 'My subject is War and the pity of War. The poetry is in the pity. All a poet can do is warn'.

In line one:

'He sat in a wheeled chair, waiting for dark,

And shivered in his ghastly suit of grey'

With the appearance of 'dark', 'grey', and shivered sets up the isolation of the wounded soldier. It strikes a strong comparison to the warmth of the second stanza.

The alliteration of the 'g' in lines' eight and nine states that:

'glow-lamps and girls glanced'

These are well used and linked effectively by the use of alliteration with the letter 'g' in glow-lamp and girls glanced.

Dulce et Decorum Est

Bent double, like old beggars under sacks,

Knock-kneed, coughing like hags, we cursed through sludge,

Till on the haunting flares we turn our backs

And towards our distant rest began to trudge.

Men marched asleep. Many had lost their boots

But limped on, blood-shot. All went lame; all blind

Drunk with fatigue; deaf even to the hoots

Of tired, outstripped Five-Nines that dropped behind.

Gas! Gas! Quick, boys! - An ecstasy of fumbling,

Fitting the clumsy helmets just in time;

But someone still was yelling out and stumbling,

And flound'ring like a man in fire or lime . . . .

Dim, through the misty panes and thick green light,

As under a green sea, I saw him drowning.

In all my dreams, before my helpless sight,

He plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning.

If in some smothering dreams you too could pace

Behind the wagon that we flung him in,

And watch the white eyes writhing in his face,

His hanging face, like a devil's sick of sin;

If you could hear, at every jolt, the blood

Come gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs,

Obscene as cancer, bitter as the cud

Of vile, incurable sores on innocent tongues,-

My friend, you would not tell with such high zest

To children ardent for some desperate glory,

The old Lie: Dulce et decorum est

Pro patria mori.

Wilfred Owen

Dulce et Decorum Est

The title and last lines of this poem are taken from one of the Odes of the Roman poet Horace. These Latin words may be translated as 'It is sweet and honourable to die for one's country'. This same belief of the Romans was held by the English people two thousand years ago during World War 1.

At the beginning of the poem, Owen confronts us with a number of fatigued soldiers. The simile:

'like old beggars under sacks'

Not only displays the difficulty of the soldiers movements through the battle field but shows the degradation the War brings. The soldiers have no glory!

We feel compassion for the soldiers who are so exhausted that they 'marched asleep'. We cannot help but pity the physical suffering of those who:

'limped on blood-shod. All went lame; all blind'

By the alliteration of the 'l' in 'limped on blood-shod. All went lame; all blind', Owen conveys the dull and sluggish movement of the soldiers struggling to return to home base.

Beach Burial

Softly and humbly to the Gulf of Arabs

The convoys of dead soldiers come;

At night they sway and wander in the waters far under,

But morning rolls them in the foam.

Between the sob and clubbing of the gunfire

Someone, it seems, has time for this,

To pluck them from the shallows and bury them in burrows

And tread the sand upon their nakedness.

And each cross, the driven stake of tide-wood,

Bears the last signature of man,

Written with such perplexity, with such bewildered pity,

The words choke as they begin.

'Unknown seamen' - the ghostly pencil

Wavers and fades, the purple drips,

The breath of the wet season has washed their inscription

As blue as drowned men's lips.

Dead seamen, gone in search of the same landfall,

Whether as enemies they fought,

Or fought with us, or neither; the sand joins them together,

Enlisted on the other front.

Kenneth Slessor

Beach Burial

When Kenneth Slessor wrote 'Beach Burial', he was an Australian war correspondent. It is highly likely that Slessor witnessed the events he describes in the poem.

Here, as in many other of Slessor's poems, he uses sounds to convey the feeling of the scene he is describing. Slessor Describes the exact timing of the sailors floating in the water by the repetition of sounds such as the 'ly' in:

'softly' and 'humbly'

The repetition of the 's' thoughout the first stanza suggest the movement of the bodies in the ebb and the flow of the sea.

The message of the poem is in no doubt presented in the last stanza. The sailors of old in sailing ships looked forward expectantly to reaching land after long and often voyages. Here in 'Beach Burial' the dead sailors similarly reach land after their journeys in the sea.

This poem is an example of War and the horror of it; in the last stanza the futility of War is so clearly exposed when the poet describes the joining together of the seamen who have come from so many lands.

Conclusion

The four songs chosen for this selection are all linked by the theme of War. Each poem strongly suggests what War was about and what Soldiers went through day in and day out, all of this just for us.

Terry Thompson

English (S2)

Commentary