total number of tourist visiting Antarctica exceeds the combine number of
scientist and the supporting personal which are in Antarctica program. Baurer
mentions that tourist ship which arrived to Antarctica is aboard cruise ships,
which do not require land base infrastructure; on the contrary there is no
information of shipping accidents in Antarctica which is given by (Diggins,
T.1994:02).
(Horgon, J.1993: 03) visualise the effects of scientist on Antarctica, by
describing the present situation of a station in Antarctica. He compares
previous condition of Antarctica with present. He points out the word said by
David M Bresnahan, the senior NSF official at Mc Murdo, bristles “If you think Mc
Murdo is ugly now, talk to some one who was here three or four, or 10 years ago”.
While commenting to a reporter, this station was contaminated during late 1950 and
still now it is under process for cleaning and recycling. Horgon also describes a
situation at a harbour which is contaminated by hydrocarbons. Another problem at Mc
Murdo is the sewage treatment plant which is yet to be repaired. Here Hogan points
different mess done by scientists. Finally he gives information regarding an ultimate
solution, which is to replace scientists with robots, but it is still under research by
N.A.S.A.
According to a science article, by Australian Government Department
(AAD , 2003:04) which gives brief description regarding how human have
jeopardise Antarctica. He mentions the environmental effects of Antarctica
which leads to global warming, depletion of ozone layer; increase the UV
radiation causing food chain. Today it has become a fact that disturbing the
Antarctica’s environment will led to global warming. Mining has being
prohibited in Antarctica under the Environmental Protocol to the Antarctic
Treaty. However the fishing industry is bleaching the artic atmosphere. Fishing
plays a major role to disturb the environment of Antarctica. Overfishing of a
target spices affects the spices which depend on target spices as a food source,
affecting the marine life and its food chain. Organisations such as (CCAS)
Convention on Conservation of Antarctic Seals was establish to limit the
hunting of seals; the IWC suspended all whaling and is now only limited to two
countries. The preferred solution mention in the article is to harvest the spices
using chemical or by doing research in aquaculture, tissue culture and genetic
modification can be used to satisfy the demand of natural products in market
There are many organisations that are managing and monitoring to minimise the
detrimental effect on Antarctica.
Scientist and tourists come to Antarctica for different purpose; the rate
of impact of tourism is directly proportional with the increasing number of
tourist in Antarctica. (Ward, P.2004:05). Supports the fact that with increasing
number of shipping activity in Antarctica will increase the accidents leading, to
pollute Antarctica. Though in presence of (IAATO) International Association of
Antarctic Tour Operators, there are other members who also organises the tour
operation in Antarctica, and do not follow the guidelines made by IAATO
which is a threat to Antarctica.
According to the article by( Australia State of Environment,2001:06)
describes the place Wildes, a base built in Antarctica in 1950 and was
abandoned in 1960. These include resting fuel drums and explosives and are
buried under the snow which is threat to environment. Rubbish and wast
materials which are develop near station are disposed into marine environment
which pollutes marine life. Tourist damage the Antarctic environment with
vehicles tracks or foot prints in muddy ground being visible for many years.
However many steps are taken for better development of environment.
However the idealist compromise for next generation should be, to
legitimate the law which are in favour of Antarctica. Though tourist or scientists
come to Antarctica for different purpose the over all result will be spreading of
pollution in Antarctic. Countries should uniquely organise and legitimate the
rules and ban any activities which may be the reason for polluting the pristine
environment of Antarctica.