RECOGNISE THE EFFECTS OF BARRIERS AND INFLUENCES ON COMMUNICATION

upset. This could also be the case if one person has a disability and can't interact well when nervous or upset.  Personal communication preferences and needs can also be a social barrier, if somebody prefers to sit in a well lit room with space around them because it makes them feel comfortable then the care worker needs to make sure they room meets the service users preferences, also if a doctor rearranges an appointment the service user may prefer it to be written down so that they have the proof and don't have to ring up and check.How does this impact a person’s self-esteem?If a service user has had a bad experience with a care worker in the past this could make them not want to contact that same person or could make them feel uneasy talking to people because of the bad experience they have had before. If somebody is more educated than somebody else they could feel as if they are better than that other person or if they are speaking and find they are using more complex language it could make them aware that they are possibly more educated than the other person and may not know how to talk to them. An example of this would be if a service user went into a doctors and the doctor was using complex language the service user could feel uncomfortable because they may not know what the care worker is talking about and may be withdrawn from the conversation. If somebodies values and principles are different to somebody else then this could cause conflict, this could be due to two different people believing in two different cultures and one culture not agreeing with how the other people live. This could also be the case with somebodies values, if one person is lesbian,gay, bisexual or trans and values everybody as equal and another person believe that it is wrong for same sex people to be partners this can cause a big conflict because each have different ways of living and each have different beliefs and because of this arguments and misunderstandings can happen.What impact does this have on relationships?If a service user has had bad past experience with a care worker in a hospital and needs to go back to the hospital the service user could be anxious as to whether they should go back or not and if they do go back they could be worried if the same thing would happen again and this could make the service user withdrawn from any conversations they may have with care workers, they could also refuse to have any treatment if they came across that person that they had a bad experience with. If a care worker is more educated than a service user and a service user goes into a doctors wanting advice and the doctor explains everything in really formal and complex language the service user could be put off from talking to the doctor and not want to have a conversation with them because they could feel as if they aren't educated enough to talk to them. If a care worker has a different culture to the service user, some people could chose to be withdrawn from the conversation because they know they know that their beliefs aren't the same and some people could think that their values and beliefs aren't respected.3 Inappropriate languageThis can include the pace that somebody is speaking and also the tone of the voice that they are speaking in. It could happen when speaking to somebody that's first language is different to yours can also be quite difficult. The use of Jargon in a conversation can also affect a conversation because of the use of technical words and because of the complexity of how somebody speak in a conversation.  Colloquialism could also affect a conversation because when a younger person speaks to an elder person and uses a word like “chav” or “emo” the elder person has no idea what the younger person is talking about so this could affect a conversation. The dialect and accent that somebody has could have an affect on a conversation, if somebody is from Scotland and is speaking to somebody that is from the north of England, the difference in the accent could be so different that it is hard to understand. Also Acronyms can be hard to understand. In conversations through messaging people like to use words such as “lol”, meaning laugh out loud, or “rofl” which means roll on the floor laughing. If a younger person text their grandparents saying this they would wonder what they were talking about so this could have a big impact on a conversation.How does this impact a person’s self-esteem?When speaking to somebody that has an angry voice and talks really fast this can make a person feel nervous around this person because they could be scared that if they say something out of term the other person in the conversation might take it the wrong way and react badly to what has been said. When speaking to somebody that is from a different country to you and they speak little or no English it could be hard to explain something difficult to them, an example of this would be if a care worker is trying to speak to a service user in a hospital and the care worker is trying to tell them what is actually wrong with them and they don't speak the same language it could be difficult to explain without an interpreter. The use of Jargon in a conversation could also be a barrier to self esteem, if a young service user is trying to speak to a doctor and the doctor uses large complicated words that the service user doesn't understand then the service user may not pay attention to what is being said because they don't understand, the service user could also get upset because it is not being simplified out for them.  Colloquialism can affect a persons self esteem because when somebody young is speaking to somebody that is a lot older than them they use words that are shortened and the older generation may not understand it, this can affect self esteem because the elder person will feel withdrawn from the conversation because they are unaware of what is being said.What impact does this have on relationships?If there is no inappropriate language the relationship will be positive however if there are barriers such as a foreign language it can make it hard for a relationship to even occur. This may be due to the fact they cannot communicate. Also speed may stop a relationship from forming.4 Lack of skillsThere are five main points for lack of skills and they consist of language skills, lack of knowledge, now knowing a service users needs, poor listening skills and lastly insufficient training.Language skills is when a person is able to speak and also to string a sentence together. Also it is when somebody can explain and describe a certain subject to another person who does not understand. The last point of language skills is that a care worker is able to speak to an individual appropriately and also to not use racist and offensive language.Lack of knowledge is where a care worker may not fully understand their job or it can also mean if a care worker doesn’t have all the qualifications needed.Now knowing a service users needs is where a care worker doesn't understand the care the service user needs for example if the need to give them there medication at a certain time, if the service user needs to be assisted when the want to move around etc.Poor listening skills is when a care worker or a service user does not listen to another person carefully or if they just completely ignore that person.Lastly insufficient training is when a care worker hasn't got the right qualifications or doesn't have any. Also they may have had no past experience. This will mean that that person is unable to care for somebody sufficiently.How does this impact a person’s self-esteem?Language skills can impact on a persons self esteem in both a positive and negative way. If a service user doesn't have any understand or knowledge of another language it may make the service user feel unintelligent which will then lower there self esteem however if a person has a high knowledge of different languages it may boost their self esteem as the service user will feel they can actually do something and also they will believe they are not useless.Lack of knowledge will decrease a persons self esteem because they will be unable to hold a conversation due to the fact that they do not have any knowledge o they have little knowledge. This would also effect a persons life because if they have no knowledge on anything they will most probably not get a job which will make them feel useless.Not knowing a service users needs will make a care workers self esteem decrease because the care worker will feel that they are useless at their job and this will make the care worker feel frustrated. Because of this the service user will suffer because they are not receiving the correct care and their self esteem may decrease.Poor listening may decrease a service users self esteem. This will be because the service user is unable to engage in a conversation. Also he or she may be unable to now what was going on due to poor listening. This could then confuse the service user.Insufficient training can decrease a carers self esteem. This is because the carer may feel that they have been ignored and also pushed to one side. Also if the care worker has insufficient training it may decrease the service users self esteem as they may feel that they have been stuck with that care worker because their care home does not feel they are important.What impact does this have on relationships?If there are no lack of skills a care worker or service user can form a normal relationship.If there are lack of language skills a person will be unable to form a relationship with a service user or care worker if they speak a different language.If there is lack of knowledge a service user will be able to have relationships but they may find it difficult to form a working relationship because they may be unable to get a job due to the person having lack of knowledge.If there is a carer who does not no their service users need the service user may not want a relationship with the care worker because they feel there not receiving the care that they are entitled to.If there are poor listening skills from either a care worker or a service user a relationship will be unable to form because they will be unable to hold a conversation.Lastly if the care worker has insufficient training a relationship will be unable to form relationships because they may be depressed due to them not being able to do their job properly.5 Inappropriate behaviourInappropriate behavior consists of five things and those things are stereotyping, prejudice, ignorance, aggressiveness and lastly distraction.Stereotyping is when one person or a group of people pre-judge a person on different things such as what a person looks like, social class, where a person lives, how much money a family or single person has and lastly the kind of job they have. There are several types of stereotyping and those consist of age, sex, clothing, social class, race, religion and lastly disability.Prejudice is where a person has a high judgmental attitude towards other people. One of the main points of prejudice is discrimination. There are two other forms and those are racism, ageism and sexism. Ignorance is when a person has not been informed or has failed to collect certain important information. However a person  may have obtained the information but may not realize how important the information is or understand the information they have obtained.Aggressive behavior can form in various ways for example a person can behave aggressively physically e.g. punching or lashing out, or talking to somebody aggressively  e.g. swearing and shouting.Distracted is when various things distract two people or a group of people from interacting with each other. Some of those distractions consist of music, other people speaking loudly in another room and road works. Because of this a person may become distracted and start thinking about something else.How does this impact a person’s self-esteem?Stereotyping can effect a persons self esteem in a negative way. This could be because they are judged on various things for example clothing. A service user living in a children's home and wears tracksuits. When things start to go missing the care worker ask this particular service user first due to their appearance. This will have a negative impact on the service users self esteem because they feel this will always happen and also they start to feel worse because they think no one trusts them.Prejudice can effect a persons self esteem in a negative way. If a care worker is prejudice against a service user it can make the service user feel depressed. Also a service user may feel they are being looked down on which may upset them. That will then cause the service users self esteem to decrease.Ignorance can effect a care workers self esteem in a negative way. This is because if the care worker doesn't listen to higher carers advice they may get it wrong and this is due to them ignoring it. This may be because of pride etc.If a care worker is aggressive towards a service user it can make the service users self esteem decrease. If a care worker shouts at a service user the service user may feel they are being treated like a child and this will  cause there self esteem decrease.Distraction can cause both a care worker and a service users self esteem to decrease. If a service user is speaking to a care worker and the care worker is distracted due to two other people speaking it can cause the care worker to not acknowledge what the service user has said. As a result of this the service user feels that nobody cares how they feel or even about them. This will cause the service users self esteem to decrease.What impact does this have on relationships?If there are no barriers there will be no impact on a relationship.Stereotyping can have a negative impact on relationships. This is because many people do not like to be judged before they get to no them and generally if someone does stereotype another person a relationship does not usually form.Prejudice can have a negative impact on relationships. This is because people do not like to be looked down on or to also receive abuse because of their race or ethnicity.Distraction can have a negative effect on relationships. This is because if someone cannot or doesn't listen to someone not many people will want to speak to them therefore that person will not form many relationships.Aggressiveness has a negative impact on relationships. This is because if a person aggressive verbally or physically nobody will want to have a relationship as they may be scared that they could lash out at them.Ignorance can have a negative impact on relationships. This is because a service user may not want a relationship because they may feel the care worker is being stupid because she is unable to do his or her job properly.6 Lack of confidentialityLack of confidentiality consists of four points and those points consist of mistrust, discrimination, violation and lastly inadequate record keeping.Mistrust is when somebody trusts someone with some information, and then that person going and telling somebody else e.g. a service user telling a care worker she has wet the bed and because the service user is embarrassed they ask the care worker not to tell anyone apart from the senior nurse. After the care worker has cleaned up the service user they go and tell all of the other care workers. The service user then feels betrayed, this is mistrust.There are two types of discrimination and they are direct and indirect discrimination. Direct discrimination is where various things are used for discriminating a person and those things consist of race, color, nationality and lastly ethnic or national origin. An example of direct discrimination is when a care worker discriminates the service user because they are of a different color to the care worker. Indirect discrimination is where there are certain rules, regulations and procedures that are operating. These then have a effect of a care worker discriminating certain groups of people. An example of indirect discrimination is where a Asian care worker has just started a new job and she has been told she has to wear a skirt as part of her uniform. However the Asian care worker will not wear the skirt due to her religion. A tribunal found the care home guilty of indirect discrimination and this Is because a large amount of Asian woman will be unable to comply with this particular rule.Violation is where the privacy of a service user had been abused. An example of this is a care worker looking at a service users files when they are not allowed to do so.Inadequate record keeping is where a care worker is unable to keep a service users records up to date. An example of this is that a care worker is supposed to fill in her service users daily record sheet. This is because other care workers can make sure everything is done properly and also because the service user has dementia. The care worker forgets to fill it in and when she swaps shifts the other care worker has no idea if the service user has had her medicaion and they are unable to ask the service user due to her dementia. This is dangerous because the service user could then end up having a overdose on her medication which could then cause other medical problems.How does this impact a person’s self-esteem?Mistrust can effect a persons self esteem in a negative way. This is because a service user may have had trust issues but had recently started to trust a certain care worker. The service user tells the care worker a personal problem and the care worker goes and tells all the other care workers. Because the care worker broke the trust the service user feels they are unable to trust anyone again which may make them feel low and the result of this is the service users self esteem decreasing.Discrimination can effect a persons self esteem in a negative way. This is because discrimination is a form of bullying and a service user can become very upset and angry and this will then lower their self esteem.Violation will effect a persons self esteem in a negative way. This is because a service user may feel violated. If for example a care worker looked at a service users personal files which the care worker should not have looked at the service user may then feel betrayed and hurt and this will then lower their self esteem. Inadequate record keeping can effect a persons self esteem in a negative way. This is because the service user may feel they have been neglected because their care worker has not finished the job. This will then lower their self esteem.What impact does this have on relationships?Inadequate record keeping may have no impact on a relationship because the service user may be unaware what is going on. If there is no lack of confidentiality a relationship will be able to form.If there is mistrust it will be hard to form a relationship between a care worker and a service user because trust is the basic factor to form a relationship. It will also be hard because a service user will not want or be able to speak to the care worker because of the lack of trust.If there is discrimination no relationship will be able to form. This is because the service user will feel degraded and also uncomfortable around the care worker and because of this the service user will not want to have a conversation with the care workerIf there is violation a relationship will be hard to form because the service user may feel uncomfortable and embarrassed around the care worker. However if those two barriers are overcome the relationship will become positive. (ii) Explain how different influences can affect communication. Positioning – what it is?Positioning is how a person sits for example if a service user slouches. However different positions mean different things in different countries. Examples of these are bowing. Bowing is seen as nothing in the UK however in Japan bowing shows the importance of a person.Slouching is usually seen as rude in the UK and also in northern European areas.A service user having their hands in their pockets is usually known to be with teenagers. In Turkey if a service user has their hands in their pockets it is seen as disrespectful.If a service user sits with the legs crossed in both Ghana and Turkey the care worker may be offended and lastly if a service user shows the soles of their feet in both Thailand ans Saudi Arabia the care worker will be offended because of their ethnicityHow can positioning affect communication?Positioning can effect communication in both a negative and a positive way. If a service user sits up straight but relaxed it will have a positive impact on communication. This is because the care worker may feel that the service user is happy to talk and is not being rude or ignorant.If a service user slouches whilst communicating with a care worker it may have a negative impact on communication because the care worker may feel the service user does not want to be there and this will then cause tension which will have a negative impact on communication.Gestures – what are they?Gestures are various movements that express a service users ideas or emotions. Here are a few examples of gestures.Thumbs up – The thumbs up sign in the UK and the majority of American and European countries means good however in Islamism and Asian countries it is taken as a rude and offensive gesture.Pointing fingers – Pointing fingers in the UK is seen as someone indicating who they are talking to or about however in American and European countries pointing a finger at someone can be seen as rude and aggressive.How can gesticulation affect communication?Positioning is how a person sits for example if a service user slouches. However different positions mean different things in different countries. Examples of these are bowing. Bowing is seen as nothing in the UK however in Japan bowing shows the importance of a person.Slouching is usually seen as rude in the UK and also in northern European areas.A service user having their hands in their pockets is usually known to be with teenagers. In Turkey if a service user has their hands in their pockets it is seen as disrespectful.If a service user sits with the legs crossed in both Ghana and Turkey the care worker may be offended and lastly if a service user shows the soles of their feet in both Thailand ans Saudi Arabia the care worker will be offended because of their ethnicity.Culture – what is it?Culture is made up of a variety things and those things consist of a persons language, beliefs, values and a persons upbringing. Language is if a person speaks English, French etc. Beliefs are for example if that culture beliefs in god. Values are what a person or culture believes are right and wrong and lastly upbringing is how a person has been brought up with their parent or guardian.Give three examples of how different cultures can affect communication.1 - If an English care worker has a Turkish patient they would be unable to communicate due to the different languages because they have different cultures.2 – An  Islamic care worker and a English service user are communicating however the Islamic care worker does not agree with the fact that the service user is choosing to have a abortion. This is because both the care worker and the service user have different beliefs.3 - A care worker who has been brought up in a nuclear family is communicating with a service user who is from a single parent family. Because of this the care worker looks down on the service user and the service user then feel degraded. This is because they have both had different upbringings. Page  of ol