WHAT IS EMPHYSEMA? Emphysema is a condition in which there is over-inflation of structures in the lungs known as alveoli or air sacs. This over-inflation results from a breakdown of the walls of the alveoli, which causes a decrease in respiratory function (the way the lungs work) and often, breathlessness. Early symptoms of emphysema include shortness of breath and cough. Emphysema and chronic bronchitis together comprise chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). HOW SERIOUS IS EMPHYSEMA? Emphysema is a widespread disease of the lungs. Close to 3 million Americans have been diagnosed with emphysema. Emphysema ranks 15th among chronic conditions that contribute to activity limitations: almost 44 percent of individuals with emphysema report that their daily activities have been limited by the disease. Men tend to have higher rates of emphysema. In 2001, the emphysema prevalence rate was 40% higher in males compared to females. CAUSES OF EMPHYSEMA It is known from scientific research that the normal lung has a remarkable balance between two classes of chemicals with opposing action. The elastic fibers in the
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