- Andrew Jackson reinforced the power of the presidency, specifically through his ability to veto. He also incorporated subjectivity into his decision making as well. Jackson utilized the Spoils System as well as popular campaigning, which were both new strategies at the time for presidency. He also didn’t utilize his cabinet much. Common man participation was increased in Jackson’s presidency. He also decreased nullification. In addition he introduced the spoils system, which brought patronage into politics.
Monroe Doctrine:
Who: John Quincy Adams, US, Britain, and Monroe
What: President’s message to congress asserting non-colonization & non-intervention
Where: US
When: 1823
Why: To ward Europeans off about expansion
Significance: Monroe was only concerned about safety of US, not the new Latin American republics
Point of Interest: Merely a statement
Connection: French Revolution left European powers vying for monarchies
Panic of 1819:
Who: Americans
What: Economic strain bringing deflation, depression, bankruptcies, and unemployment
Where: US, especially affected the west
When: 1819
Why: Over speculation of frontier lands; bankruptcies of “wildcat banks” led to government taking away the land
Significance: Led to many homeless squatters
Point of Interest: Wildcat banks don’t pay Bank of US back even though they took away the people’s land
Connection: Much of land being taken away was from Louisiana Purchase
American System:
Who: Henry Clay
What: Three main parts: strong banking system, protective tariff, network of roads and canals
Where: US
When: 1824
Why: provide easy credit/ allowed for eastern manufacturing to flourish;/ transportation of goods all throughout America knitted country together economically
Significance: Forced individual states to start own construction programs because there was no government funding
Point of Interest: Clay, Bank, Tariff, and Road
Connection: Faced opposition from Jeffersonian Republicans and New England
Era of Good Feelings:
Who: James Monroe
What: Monroe administrations’ supposed warm welcome throughout the US constituted with nationalism and prosperity; single party ideology
Where: US
When: 1817
Why: Tranquility and prosperity was fruitful during early years of Monroe’s presidency
Significance: Beneath the good feeling were many underlying problems such as tariffs, banks, and sales of public lands, slavery, and sectionalism
Point of Interest: Name is not true to fact
Connection: Problems aroused from the propositions of the American System
Cotton Gin:
Who: Eli Whitney, Southern Planters
What: Device that separated the seed from the cotton fiber
Where: Georgia
When: 1793
Why: Sped up the process of picking cotton
Significance: Alleviated the south of their poverty and created a new cash crop; connected south with the north more
Point of Interest: South now had cotton industry to boost economy
Connection: Increased the dying demand for slavery
Missouri Compromise:
Who: Henry Clay, Congress
What: Congress agrees to admit Missouri as a slave state, but Maine would be admitted as a free state
Where: Missouri, Maine
When: 1820
Why: To maintain balance of slave vs. free states in senate
Significance: laid foundation of dispute in civil war
Point of Interest: N vs. S on slavery
Connection: Dispute over new states as a slave or free state is from Louisiana Purchase
Trail of Tears:
Who: Jackson’s Democrats
What: Forced uprooting of 100,000+ Indians in southeast US; many deaths
Where: East of Mississippi, Georgia, Oklahoma Indian country
When: 1830
Why: To open Indian lands to white settlement
Significance: Contradicted Jackson’s respect for Indian culture
Point of Interest: assimilated tribes were most targeted
Connection: Masked form of imperialism
Doctrine of Nullification:
Who: Jackson, Nullifiers
What: States can declare federal laws null & void
Where: South Carolina
When: 1828
Why: South disliked the Tariff of Abominations
Significance: Furthered the disputes between north and south
Point of Interest: Federal laws are numb
Connection: Early signs of civil war
Second Great Awakening:
Who: Americans, Preachers (ex. Charles Finney)
What: Spiritual fervor sweeping across US through camp meetings; feminization of religion
Where: US
When: 1800’s
Why: Reaction against growing liberalism in religion (deism, Unitarianism)
Significance: Widened lines amongst classes
Point of Interest: People have been sleeping with secularism and need to wake up this second
Connection: Stronger than 1st Great Awakening
Abolitionism:
Who: Many abolitionists (ex. Garrison, Turner)
What: Vie for an immediate end to slavery
Where: US, southern slave states, northern free states
When: 1800’s
Why: Equal rights for all
Significance: Furthered the disputes between the north and the south
Point of Interest: Abolish slavery
Connection: Roots of civil war spurted from abolitionism
Harriet Beecher Stowe:
Who: Harriet Beecher Stowe
What: Abolitionist, Writer
Where: US, Connecticut
When: 1800’s
Why: To support the abolitionism movement
Significance: Shed light upon the separated of enslaved families
Point of Interest: Increased the fervor of the abolitionist movement
Connection: Roots of civil war were disputes over slavery
James K. Polk:
Who: James K Polk
What: Presidential Candidate, Speaker of the House of Reps, Governor of Tennessee
Where: US, North Carolina
When: 1844
Why: Lowered tariff, restoration of independent treasury, settlement of California & Oregon disputes
Significance: Achieved all goals and settled the Oregon & California disputes
Point of Interest: Acquired more land for the US
Connection: Land acquired increased the slavery dispute
Mexican American War:
Who: James K. Polk, Santa Anna, US vs. Mexico
What: Polk threatened Mexican soldiers to start a war in order for us to win California
Where: Rio Grande, California, New Mexico, Texas, Mexico, America
When: 1846
Why: San Francisco Bay & Rich Valleys, Mexico was distinctly combative
Significance: Gained more slavery territory and resources for the US; US has international recognition
Point of Interest: US forced Mexico to sell us land
Connection: Slavery territory; roots of Civil War
