a level ict project

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Contents

ANALYSIS        

Situation        

Overview of the problem & System limitations        

Interview Key Points        

A detailed description of the current system        

Input-Process-Output of the Current System        

Data Flow Diagram of current system        

ICT Requirements of the new system        

Hardware and software analysis of current system        

ICT skills of the user(s) & Identified training needs for the user(s)        

Evaluation Objectives of the Project        

General System Objectives        

Qualitative objectives        

Quantative Objectives        

DESIGN        

Possible solutions for the new system        

Data Flow Diagram        

Normalisation        

1st Normal Form        

2nd Normal Form        

3rd Normal Form        

Entity – Relationship Diagram        

System flowchart        

Macro Design        

Data Validation        

Data Security and Integrity        

Project Schedule        

Test Plan        

IMPLEMENTATION        

Tables        

Relationships        

Macros        

Queries        

Forms        

Reports        

Security        

Switchboards        

Database Start-up        

TESTING        

Test plan table        

Test Evidence        

End user testing        

Worksheet        

Results and feedback of the user from the worksheet        

USER GUIDE        

EVALUATION        

System limitations        

End user evaluation        

APPENDIX        

Interview with End User        

Evaluating the system with the end user (interview)        

 


Analysis

Situation

This project is being designed for “Victor’s Garage” which is based in West Norwood, Lambeth. It is run by my uncle Victor who is very hands on with the day to day running of the business, and he has two employees who are his subordinates. Since they are only a few people working in the business, it has remained small for the past two years since it’s been formed. Victor believes that business has been good since they have managed to survive these past two couple of years. The amount of customers can range from 10 cars in 5 days to only 2 cars in a fortnight.

Currently, the system works to record all details of customers who come with their cars; it also records the problems with the cars as well as the employee(s) who worked on it in a record book. All these record books are stored on shelves and some at Victor’s home as archives so that they can be referred to in the future for legal reasons, for conducting reports, etc.

Overview of the problem & System limitations

Victor’s garage deals with an average of 12 cars a week. The employees fill out the details of the customers, their cars, the problem or job with the vehicle, the employee details responsible for making sure the job is done and the amount paid is all recorded manually on a single sheet of paper for each transaction by Victor or by another employee (if permitted). A shortened copied version of this sheet, which includes the name of the employee, the customer details, date and the car repairing details is given to the customer as a receipt. Victor’s garage copy is then kept on file for later reference if needed. However, Victor feels that there are various imperfections which need to be eliminated and improvements that need to be applied:

  1.         The amount of archives is increasing rapidly as Victor’s garage comes more popular, as a result paper is being misplaced and lost, and they are running out of places to store the paper where they can easily reach it. The employees are becoming so annoyed by this they are more likely to not fill out the information sheet to avoid dealing without the archives. As a result if a customer or legal representative wanted to see a specific transaction, Victor would face a discomfiting situation because they would be unable to do so.
  2. The speed of which data is entered for the current system is discouraging the employees, information is being entered repeatedly and is encouraging mistakes and misrepresentation of data. The information of the transaction has to be recorded every time a customer has been dealt with. This has dispirited the employees so much to the point were they would prefer to do no work so that they don’t get extra paper work.
  3. Finding data has become unnecessarily difficult, the organisation and orderliness of the archives has deteriorated as the quantity amplifies. Employees have to delve through scores of paperwork looking for the right section, which is a task in itself. The whole operation could take a significant amount of time.

I have been in touch with my uncle Victor and his garage for numerous years at first the problems illustrated above was not apparent and therefore not highlighted. However, over the years the problems became more unambiguous to the point where it began to affect the morale and efficiency of the business.

Consequently, I have been assigned to solve these problems by introducing a new computerised system. Moreover, to solve these problems I will create a system which will provide quick data entry through which employees can use to enter information about the cars, their problems, customer details, etc. The new system will be designed to allow Victor to easily search the database and retrieve information within seconds. For example, if they want to find jobs carried out by a certain employee it will be should be retrieved within a short a amount of time with the entrance of desired filters and a click of a button.  Data security will be ensured through the use of this new system. The system will inaccessible to unauthorised users, this will be certified through the insertion of passwords and firewalls. Storage space is a big issue with Victor’s garage; this can be easily eliminated, since the system will be stored on the computers hard drive. Furthermore, another copy will be saved on a compact disc and kept on another location, in the event that an unexpected event destroys the primary copy.

Interview Key Points

  • The current system is at present consists of manual activities. Information on the customer, the cars problem and how it was solved, the price and the employee taking care of the job is recorded (written down). Information is then stored in the form of reports an archives. Calculations and other processes are made solely by the person inputting the information. The output is the single report sheet.
  • Numerous problems occurred with this system, data entry is slow and inefficient, the system is prone to human error and there are no measures in place to minimise, incorrect data is an increasing trouble due to employees making mistakes and data being misinterpreted. The amount of storage space is limited, Victor is running out of places to store the documents due to the increasing quantity, which leads to the next problem, certain archives are becoming harder to find. If there is a situation where Victor needs to find the history of a certain customer, the chances are that the business has misplaced it or even lost it, either way it will take him and his subordinates an unnecessary amount of time to locate it.
  • The user requires the new system to be computer based. Therefore, a software program is required, which needs to be designed according to Victor’s other requirements: quick and easy data entry, this will involve the elimination of repeating the same data, if the customer information has already been entered then the same information doesn’t need to be entered again. Efficient data storage; data will be stored on the computers hard disk which will save a lot of space, more information can be stored in a significantly smaller amount of space. Fast locating of data; with the new system the user must be able to allocate data easily, possibly by having a search bar or being able to ask the database queries.
  • On average Victor and his employees have minimal IT literacy skills, as a result the complexity of the database has to be limited, since they are the ones who have to analyse problems and repair faults if the system has troubles.


A detailed description of the current system    

This is a typical scenario which involves the current system:

  1. A customer enters the premises in their vehicle; one or the other employee attends to the customer and asks him/her “how can he be of service”. Employees are always on hand to attend to new customers in accordance with the manager’s strict emphasis on customer service.
  2. The customer states the problem and the employee inspects it. Inspection may involve lifting the bonnet and using visual observation to diagnose the problem or equipment can be used to test specific parts of the vehicle. Alternatively the employee could drive the car (with the owner’s consent) to experience the problem for themselves.  
  3. Afterwards the employee will give the customer an overview of the problem (if the customer doesn’t exactly know what it is or if they were incorrect). Assuming the customer isn’t familiar with garage car jargon, a brief summary using low key terms is most appropriate.
  4. Subsequently a predicted price is given. All the prices of the different jobs have already been pre recorded and are altered annually in correspondence with inflation. Once the work that needs to be done to the vehicle has been identified the related price is presented to the customer, which needs to be accepted to carry on to the next step, or declined, in which case there is no further action.
  5. The vehicle is then left in the hands of the garage, which is when the garage employee (who is dealing with the job) begins filling out the details on the sheet. At this point in the transaction, the employee will record; the customer name, customer address, customer telephone number and email (optional), and other contact details.
  6. During/after the paper work, the appropriate work is done on the car. The employees use their technical expertise to provide a solution to the car and meet the requirements of the customer.
  7. Once the job has been completed the rest of the recording will take place, i.e. the price charged, parts of the care serviced or replaced. Once the remaining data has been input the record is now complete and can be used for alternative reasons.
  8. Subsequently, the customer’s and vehicle’s information is stored in folders and cabinets, ready to be summoned for other purposes such as proof of transaction, primary/secondary market research, etc.

The interview with the end user suggested that at the moment, Victor has a low level IT knowledge, he recognises the functions of Microsoft Word, Excel, however, he is yet to gain effective know how of software applications, e.g. Microsoft Access. Although, he has already identified this setback and has planned to take a short course on generic software applications and do some background research, (books), to expand his familiarity. As for his employees, they have next to no computer literacy, which is one of the reasons why they are doing manual, blue collar work in oppose to working with arguably more mind provocative work, e.g. office desk job. This entails a very straightforward simplified interface, for the workers to easily input and extract information.

Presently, there are no hardware or software essentials available on site; Victor intends to set a budget for the introduction of a new system at a later date. At this early stage of the feasibility I can’t give an accurate description of all the hardware and software systems.


Input-Process-Output of the Current System


Data Flow Diagram of current system

ICT Requirements of the new system

Through interviewing Victor and assessing the key points of the meeting, I am able to accumulate and outline the general, specific and quantitative requirements of the new system. Validation and Verification techniques are important to any important system, especially one which handles and records the allocation of important assets of the customers as well as businesses. Due to Victor’s limited knowledge on computing functions, it wasn’t until I introduced and explained the concept and advantages of Validation and Verification that Victor decided that this was a primary requirement. Mistakes by careless human error were common in the previous manual system, Validation and Verification will prevent these providing effective measures are positioned. For example, presence checks to ensure any missing data alerts the user, this is a validation check. As for verification the user could be prompted to enter data twice to highlight mistakes, which could be used when entering passwords to access the system.

Victor emphasised the importance of an effective and straightforward data entry process, which involves entering all the information regarding the customer details, car specifications, etc. This requirement is linked to the amount of training the employees needed, (which needs to be minimal). The data entry methods need to be short in order to minimise the chances of it being entered incorrectly. To achieve this, a consistent layout and closed questions will be put into affect, which refers to all sub programs of the same group will all have similar appearance, and any questions asked will not give immeasurable open answers. Nonetheless this shouldn’t influence the amount of data that is implemented, corners will not be cut to provide convenience, all essential data must be incorporated, however, additional may be entered depending the specific case or on Victor’s authority.

The user interface involves the way the receiver identifies the information conveyed to them. A consistent layout will allow comfortable usage for employees when using the system, which can be realised by implementing a consistent layout and a secure colour scheme and screen layout so it’s easy on the eye. This will make the employees ill-eagerness to avoid using the system decline or even vanish. A successfully easy to view user interface (which will include a consistent layout) will link in with the previous objective of easy simplified data entry. A constant layout allows the user to recognise the positions of interest during input. A Graphical User Interface (GUI) would be most preferable; windows will contain information relevant to one particular task, enabling the user to multi task with numerous different windows simultaneously. Icons (pictures) will symbolise commands, for example, clicking on one may bring up a customer data entry form. Menus can provide the employees with a selection of choices and they can respond accordingly depending on the desired task.

It is probable that the information inputted and processed will need to be viewed in different forms of output, primarily through the visual display unit (the monitor). The system must allow for various forms of output, including hardcopy paper. The VDU (visual display unit) will help to display temporary information that the user searches for or enters in the system. Other required output devices include printers, which will be needed to print hard copies for review by other parties, or for developing reports regarding a certain job transaction or customer.

Navigation of the system is preferred to be as uncomplicated as possible, due to the limited computer literacy available, the ability to move around the system successfully must be able to be easily acquired. In order to meet this objective the functions must be clearly defined, for example, if the user wants to view all customers, the button must be clearly visible and comprehensible. This allows even the most primitive computer users to perform tasks successfully. Moreover, consistency must be in place to allow users to remember the layout more easily, so that the learning curve of the system becomes steeper as the user employs the system more often.

The security of the data is essential, due to the large amount of sensitive data regarding customers and their vehicles. The garage has a duty to keep the data secure and follow the principles of the Data Protection Act. To ensure security prominent actions are required. A record of users will be kept, to allow Victor to see who has accessed the system and when, which allow him to discover unauthorised users and employees who have been using the system unduly. To support this all authorised users will be given user names and given permission to create their own passwords to limit the chance of hackers. Moreover, access rights will be put into practice, only senior personnel will have access to the most sensitive information, while the lower staff will be given access applications they need to perform their job.

Furthermore, the business doesn’t possess a particularly strong purchasing power, meaning that it doesn’t have the financial strength to purchase expensive equipment, hence the small budget that has been presented to me. Consequently, the system is required to be built on a platform that doesn’t come with a high cost to acquire and/or maintain. The system should put minimal demands on the systems hardware so that the effects of the depreciation are not significant, thus allowing the system to last longer and reach the objective of being able to remain operation for at least three years without any major problems.

Backup protocols are a necessity in the event that the master copy is lost or destroyed. Backup up will be provided by an external hard drive, and the system will be backed up periodically, i.e. every week, or in special circumstances, for example, there is a significant in take of data into the system. Furthermore, the backup copy will be stored of site, so that if there's a natural disaster affecting the main site, the backup copy will remain. Plus, this method of backup can be described as differential backup, which practices a cumulative backup of changes from the last full backup , allowing a full system restore based upon the last full backup.

Due to the non existent computer skills of the employees, an introduction into the use of computers is necessary. To accompany the basic skills they will acquire, I will need to develop a user manual which will provide detailed instructions in performing various tasks in the system as well as maintaining it, which is vital to its integrity and reliability. However, Victor has advised me to provide a manual of minimal size and contents in order to avoid confusion and enable the employees to read it swiftly, so they can get on with the job as soon as possible.

Hardware and software analysis of current system

Currently the end user has no computer system therefore I am unable to include a brief specification of the hardware nor can I list the relevant software on the system.

The first problem is that the end user possesses no system to put the solution on. Consequently, they are required to go out and purchase one; the user guide placed later in this project explains the minimum and recommended specifications, which the end user can use to justify the purchase of a selected system.


Old System vs. New System & Limitations

The old system incorporates entirely a body of manual processes, which arguably signifies the age and how incapacitated the system has become in light of modern times. All processes, such as formulating the amount of commission an employee is due, from start to finish are done by one or more employees whilst utilising tools such as calculators, pens and paper, before storing information within cabinets on-site.

The proposed system entails the use of more modern equipment such as desktop personal computers and printers. The user is only required to enter initial information referring to data subjects such as customers and vehicles, the remaining tasks such calculating commission is performed automatically by the system. Once the remaining processes in a transaction are complete

The old system heavily relies on the ability as well as their organisation as the amount of paper based information grows over time. The main output of the system is paper based documents once initial use of the file has passed they will be placed in filing cabinets. The garage has been operational for an extended time period; as a result a lot of space has been taken up with filling archives, thus causing a lot of visual pollution as space needs to be prepared constantly to accommodate more files meaning that space that could be used for a more productive purpose is lost.

In addition, the old system does put a strain on the tangible as well intangible resources of the company. To produce the output an increased amount of pen, paper, etc. is necessary for purchase. As a result the cost of production which contributes to the expenses of the business grows in proportion to the growth of sales, thus making it difficult to improve the profit margin.

In addition, to cost it is time consuming because of the slow methods that have to be used. Employees are obliged to spend time doing paperwork, as a result have the opportunity cost of not being able to more productive such as attending to the cars of customers. Moreover, the numerous repetitive manual operations does strain the morale of the employees because performing the same task repeatedly is boring since it carries little variation. As a result workers become demoralised and more prone to making mistakes whilst performing task in garage.  

The limitations represented by the proposed system is the ICT skills of the users, how effective the system is depends on how well the user can use the various utilities to maximise output. Previously, as suggested in the interviews the employees have no prior IT training, consequently, it will take a long time before their ability can provide maximum returns by system, plus there will be increased costs of training staff up to this standard.

Moreover, even though a majority of tasks are automated, the system is still susceptible to human errors during the input stage of the system when information is keyed in. Validation and verification doesn't guarantee accuracy, if the wrong information is entered the output will have no integrity, garbage in garbage out.    

 


ICT skills of the user(s) & Identified training needs for the user(s)

The interview with the end user suggested that at the moment, Victor has a low level IT knowledge, he recognises the functions of Microsoft Word, Excel, however, he is yet to gain effective know how of software applications, e.g. Microsoft Access. As for his employees, they have next to no computer literacy, which is one of the reasons why they are doing manual, blue collar work in oppose to working with arguably more mind provocative work, e.g. office desk job. This entails a very straightforward simplified interface, for the workers to easily input and extract information.

Although, he has already identified this setback and has planned to take a short course on generic software applications and do some background research, (books), to expand his familiarity. All user groups need to be trained to use state-of-the-art application suites consisting of programs and many utilities in or to be more a productive user once the new system is put into place. The following points illustrate the essential areas which the end user must be trained to learn:

  • How to correctly access the system, throughout the day to day use of the system workers will be regularly opening the program to input information on data subjects, security measures are going to be put into place to protect this data. Therefore it is important for workers to know how to use their passwords correctly to enter areas only authorised by the administrator and avoid any unauthorised access and suspicious behaviour.
  • How to use the navigation facilities-it is probable that the initial system will be relatively complex and over time new areas and functions are likely to come into play. Consequently, the ability to efficiently move around the system is essential to save time and reduce the chance of data being inputted in the wrong place.
  • How to use the various utilities to complete tasks-how well the users make use of the utilities to fulfil their day to day tasks dictates their productivity. To achieve this, a user guide would be most effective since it will explain all relevant tasks whilst relating them to typical daily activities.
  • How to use all help available-it is inevitable that the users will run into problems that the worker or the system itself is responsible. In order to respond to problems and find solutions quickly user support needs to be recognised, this can range from the troubleshooting section found at the back of the system to online help that can be accessed on the internet.    


Evaluation Objectives of the Project

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General System Objectives

  • The new system must exceed the standards of the current system, while using as much computer technology as possible
  • A user interface must be achieved by incorporating a graphical user interface, i.e. windows, icons, menus and pointers
  • The majority of manual methods performed in the current system must be converted to automated actions in the new system
  • The system must be reliable, since important information will be held on it
  • Defence measures must be performed to prevent hackers and other unauthorised personnel from gaining access
  • Validation and Verification checks should be performed on ...

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