Normalisation.Normalisation is a process used to come up with the best possible design for a related database.

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Alex Miller

A-VCE

ICT Coursework

Microsoft Access 97

The Problem

The adult education class needs a new database as running the courses with books proves a problem.  There is a selection of books with each set of data in.  This data can become damaged and the staff can forget to update each book.  Also as there are a few books, staff has to update each one with the new data, this can become tenuous and annoying.  Another point is that there are many different subjects, rooms and tutors that need to be linked together.  This can be a problem as some classes can be in different rooms each day of the week.  With a book this can be a problem, as the design may not have a feature for this.

The new database will put all the data into separate tables and link them all together.  This will enable all the tables to function together allowing the user to change the data in one and it will be changed in them all.  The user will also be able to run queries asking the database questions.  This will enable the user to gather information without having to search through all the data.  This can save a lot of time and improve accuracy as human error may be nearly deleted.  The database is going to have to incorporate the student’s personnel data, the class times and the tutors.  

The database will be assessable to all the teachers and admin staff so, with little training everyone will be able to finds out important information.  With a book system only the admin staff would know how to use it and if the teachers tried then they may not do it correctly.  This could be a problem as the information could get confused and then people are sent to the wrong lesson, room or the teachers may not turn up.  

Another good point of the database is that it I more professional to use a computer then a book.  This may rub of on the company’s image especially if running an ICT course.  If a prospective customer/student sees that they are running it with a book system then they may not be impressed and choose not to do the course.

Normalisation

Normalisation is a process used to come up with the best possible design for a related database.  Tables should be organised in such a way that;

  • No data is unnecessarily duplicated
  • Data is consistent throughout the database
  • The structure of each table is flexible enough to allow you to enter as many or as few times
  • The structure should enable a user to make all kinds of different queries relating from different tables.

Unormalised

First name, surname, title, street, town, county, country, postcode, telephone no., D.O.B, occupation, date of first class, fee payable, type of payment, classes taken (subjects), tutors, date of classes, time of classes, room no.

First normalised form

 

This would not work as each student can take more then one class.  To get it to work you would have to use a second normalised form, which would include a selection table in the middle like this;

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Second normalised form

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

This selection table would enable students to do more then one course on the database.  

Third normalised form.

You then have to link the tutors in with the courses.  To do this you will create a totally different table but link the primary key in with the course table.

 

Original Table Design

1st Amended Table Design

The system I will be using

Constraints and limitations

As I will ...

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