Cell Structure and Function Relationship. Cellular structures, in many ways, help us understand how the processes involved in protein synthesis, chloroplasts, and mitochondria work successfully.

As for the basic properties of matter, they also help us understand how the process involved in protein synthesis, chloroplasts, and mitochondria work successfully. In protein synthesis, many chemical reactions occur which enable for the transformation from DNA to RNA, its decoding in the ribosome, and then its formation into protein, which is a long chain of amino acids. Many chemical reactions occur during this process, which help us understand how it is very successful. First of all, the RNA polymerase, an enzyme, splits the DNA from a double helix into one helix strand. Then, the RNA nucleotides bond with the DNA helix strand to form the mRNA, which connects to the tRNA and transported into the ribosome, where it is decoded and used to form long chains of amino acids called proteins. The precision of these chemical reactions is one way in which they work successfully. Since matter cannot be created or destroyed, this is a reason why protein synthesis has to be successful, as the exact amount of RNA that is decoded is the exact amount of amino acids that are formed. The high concentration of RNA nucleotides in RNA enables for longer chains of amino acid to be formed. In the chloroplasts one main chemical reaction occurs in the process of photosynthesis. This chemical reaction is 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2. What this reaction means that light energy absorbed from chlorophyll on top of the thylakoid sacs is added with carbon dioxide that the plant inhales as well was water that it absorbs from its roots to create glucose (sugar) and oxygen. This chemical reaction is a way to see the success of photosynthesis, as it is a very clear and is based on a very precise chemical reaction. The fact that matter cannot be created or destroyed also contributes, as you will have a sure guarantee that glucose will be created if you have carbon dioxide, water, and light. Finally, the high concentration of thylakoids in the chloroplasts allows for the most amount of light being absorbed and thus a higher rate of photosynthesis occurring. In the mitochondria, the production of anedosine triphosphate (ATP) occurs in a series of chemical reactions in which glucose goes through two processes: anaerobic and aerobic metabolism. In anaerobic metabolism, the process of glycosis occurs, where the glucose turns into a substance called pyruvate. Pyruvate either goes into aerobic metabolism, or gets converted into ATP, which gets converted into lactic acid, which is used by the cell. In aerobic metabolism, the successfulness of this process is evidently portrayed, as in anaerobic metabolism; only 4 molecules of ATP are produced. However, in aerobic metabolism, the pyruvate goes through the Kerb’s cycle, which oxidizes it to create 36 molecules of ATP, which makes it much more efficient than anaerobic metabolism, and an efficient process overall.  The fact that matter cannot be created or destroyed plays another critical role in this situation, as in anaerobic metabolism, the series of chemical reactions produces 4 ATP molecules for every one glucose molecule, and in aerobic metabolism, 36 ATP molecules are created for every one glucose molecule. This is another reason why it is so successful, because an exact number of ATP molecules and a known number will be produced in either process. Finally, the high concentration of the matrix inside the mitochondria enables for faster and more production of ATP, which makes it more successful. As you can see, there are many ways in which cellular structure and basic properties of matter help us understand how the process involved in protein synthesis, chloroplasts, and mitochondria work successfully.