Outline the strategies for improving air quality in cities in both LEDC and MEDC and evaluate how successful they have been.

Outline the strategies for improving air quality in cities in both _        LEDC and MEDC and evaluate how successful they have been.

Most cities suffer  from air pollution . It is cities in the LEDCs  that suffer severe air

pollution due to the rapid growth in population and increases in motor vehicles and industrialization. This is made worse by lack of legislative controls on the sources of pollution and the inadequate policing and enforcement of laws to control emissions. In MEDCs like Los Angeles  the government has indroduced regulations  on everything from the use of motor mowers, furniture polish and emissions. As there is a mandatory state side introduction of cleaner burning gasoline (CBG) introduced in March 1996. The California Environmental Protection Agency believe this was successful  as  it reduced ozone forming emissions by 15% the  effect as removing 3.5 million cars from the road. This fuel was the most important advance since the introduction of the catalytic convertor. However they do know the car is important so they are going to try not to focus on taking cars off the road, but to make road transport safer and more efficient.  However in London they introduced the Clean Air Act of 1956 and to control emissions from homes and factories, this has led to great improvements in London’s air quality but recording emissions from the traffic in London is more difficult. In each budget a green tax has been added to fuel prices, there are also hints of improved public transport. In London there are suggestions for blocking  off areas in the center to private motorists , charging tolls for those entering central London with vehicles and improving the underground  with funds gained form its partial privatization. There is continued comment about rail operators  improving rail services and reducing over crowding on their peak hour trains. In other Citites such as Manchester the initiatives have proved to be successful they show that attractive public transport can drag some commuters away from their cars. In its first year the metrolink tram service and its fleet of twenty four trams carried more than nine million passengers, nearly twice the number expected . However to some commuters these strategies have not worked, some surveys have shown that some commuters, even after swingeing increases in cost on motoring, would both loath to desert their cars.