E4
Inclusiveness is about how you describe the concept of making everyone feel welcome and part of a setting and that setting is just and fair towards everyone, this applies to parents and children, to be fair, just and inclusive. You will need to take into account the individual needs of a child and their family as they are not all the same. a setting you can be inclusive in practical ways such as, session times reflect the need of parents and their children. Settling in policies are where you are able to recognise that some children need longer to settle, the staff should talk to the parents about what is the best way to settle their child. Accessibility is about children with mobility needs to be inclusive. The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child 1991 says in “article 23 – Disabled children and young people must be enabled to be as independent as possible and to be able to take a full and active part in everyday life”. It also says in UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006), “article 23- Disabled children should have equal rights”. In the setting you would need to think about and consult with local voluntary groups and parents how you would change the setting to make it easier with those who have special needs so they can do everyday activities. Financial assistance, this would be about parents paying fees or extras this can be an issue for many parents. As a setting you would make sure it is easier for parents to pay and weather the extras can be refunded in different ways. They should also try and consider how it is offered to avoid the situation that they are from a poor family. Activities and the curriculum should be planned according to the eyfs and to make sure that the activities are planned in accordance with the child’s learning. Doing this the setting would be inclusive, fair and just as you wouldn’t single out every child, you would consider all the children to be on the same level and not as an average.
E5 and D2
There are many ways to make a child feel confident and feel self reliant, to do this you would need to give the children in the setting plenty of opportunities to make their own choices and to feel that they have some control and this should also consider the child’s development stage, Piagetbelieved in independent and respectful learning children can do this by play, this is where children are given opportunity to initiate play, select resources and equipment, free play or child initiated play gives the child plenty of opportunities to arrange their own play and materials. This allows them to self control of themselves, making choices for them self. It will help them because if they make the wrong choices this is way they will learn from their mistakes, independently, they would learn from it, also it would be a challenge for them to try and play for them self and achieve a goal that the children have set for them self, it would be a challenge within themselves to achieve their goal rather than the teacher set it out for them. They would also support them when learning things at their own strength, rather than others pushing them. By doing free play they could do creative things such as painting a picture or drawing something that they would be happy with, this would boost their confidence. The children would be happy with what they have achieved by themselves with no support, by giving them a pencil and a pen they would have more control of what they do, they would be more happy of what they have achieved and would be working more independently rather than being dependent on someone else telling them what to do. Doing this it helps them discover and develop their skills at their own pace, not by anyone else telling them what to do e.g. cutting. Cutting a square or a circle, they could try cutting it themselves rather than someone else telling them what to do or how to do it this way they will be developing their skills.
Another strategy would be time, this is when children are able to choose their own time of doing things for example: snack time, they can eat the snack when they feel hungry, it wouldn’t be something that they have to do or if they are told they have to do it. This way the child wouldn’t be under pressure as they will know that that they would have to eat it but not at a certain time. If it had to be in a certain time limit say in ten minutes the child may lose self esteem or they may not want to do it independently because if they don’t finish their snack they would think they would get into trouble or they wouldn’t be confident enough. If the child knows that there is flexible time to an activity or something else in a short slot of time the child may achieve more, because if it is wrong they would have enough time to change and correct its mistake in the flexible time by doing this it would help boost the child’s self esteem and confidence to do the work without wondering if it is right or wrong. Time would also be a flexibility as to when do homework, this would help the child because the more time to do it and be more independent as you could set different research challengers so the child could find different resources as they would have a more length of time.
C1
John Bowlby is a theorist who believed that if a child loses access to the mother or is separated from her at any point during the first 5 years of the Childs life then the child may suffer harmful effects. This is called maternal deprivation. The consequence that Bowlby stated that can be resulted from this is the Childs intellectual and language development may fail to develop physically. Bowlby got his evidence from a study that he did, which was about 44 juvenile thieves. He interviewed both groups of 44 thieves and another group of 44 children who were not thieves out of the thieves he found that 17 were experienced maternal deprivation before the age of 5 years but in the group of non thieves, he found that only 3 of the 44 reported maternal deprivation. However he found out that boys suffered maternal deprivation trough illnesses. Rutter another theorist believed that boys aged 9 and 15 had maternal deprivation bund those who had suffered maternal deprivation was due to family and psychotic problems. He found out that anti-social behaviour was more likely when separation from mother occurred because of family or psychiatric problems rather than illness. Bowlby theory supports empowerment because if the settings know that a child has been separated by their mother, they should allow the child to do individual activities linked with separation. By doing this the setting would be empowering the child, as they would be supporting them and guiding them trough their learning. This would also make the child more confident as they wouldn’t be singled out and feel alone. The setting could also support the child by being their role model maybe by talking to them about a past experience that they have had in their life. This would also empower the child as they might want to be like the teacher by doing this you will also be empowering again.
E6/D1
Children have many changes in life such as changing nurserys, pre schools, after school clubs, going to the hospital, moving home, parents have a change of career, change of routine for example a different key worker in nursery or a different teacher in the classroom. For a child it is usually very hard for them to deal with it as the teacher/key worker wouldn’t know what the child would be thinking about the new changes, they might be feeling anxious, happiness/joy or even fear but however some children seem to cope with transitions and are confident this could be because when they were younger they might have experienced a lot of transitions. Throughout life there is one main change that every child goes through and that is that all children have to change from nursery to school, school to high school, high school to college and college to uni/job. In his book, Attachment and Loss, Dr John Bowlby explains that children who have experienced a secure attachment: “Are more likely to possess a representational model of attachment figure(s) as being available, responsive and helpful and a complimentary model of himself as…a potentially lovable person.”This child is likely to: “Approach the world with confidence and, when faced with potentially alarming situations, is likely to tackle them effectively or to seek help.” It is commen for children to fear this transition as they would be scared of what the setting would be like. There are many fears children will be thinking but here are a few most common fears that children say, would be will I make new friends, will the teachers be nice, will I get lost or be left on my own etc.
To avoid children from feeling like this you as a practitioner could identify communication with primary schools by takeing the children to vist the school that they would be going to. By taking them for a vist to the school, children would feel more confident and relaxed with the place as they will be familier with the place when they start the school. They would also be able to talk to their new teachers and if possible have a tour of their classroom and the school. If there are other children there it would let the child make new friends so when they do start the school they will recognize them and be able to talk to them as they will be familier with them. This way the child will have built relationships with their new key worker and the pupils their before they even start school. The child would also develop social skills because it will be interacting with the children and the teacher who would be the childs key worker. By visiting the teacher and the setting the child is beginning to make a relationship with them and by doing this the child would be happy and confident to discuss things with their key worker.The theory that is linked with this is jhon bowlby when he talks about separation from the mother this is in the same way the children have been separated from their key worker. “arrange vists /taster sessions for parent/child. Introduce new adults to them”. Also to prepare the children for school you could provide them with activities about moving to school this could be action rhymes, posters, stories, films etc. The more the child is involved the more confidence, responsibility and oppertunnitys to make decisions. With transitions it is very important to involve parents so the parent could help prepare the child and know how the child is doing and if they are mentally prepared to go to school, you would need to find out from parents if they think there child will cope with the move because some children have done transitions would have had transitions in the past while other children haven’t. If the child hasent ever had transitions in there life they will need more support as it is a new experiance.
E7 and B1
Discrimination is when a person is treated less favourably than another in a comparable situation. This could be because of their racial or ethinic origin, religion or belief, disability, age or sex orientation. Discrimination among children has a great impact on their self-esteem and self-worth. They may suffer from loneliness which will bring them low self-esteem. Discrimination could be occurred in settings because children could be jelous of each other for example because of religious attitudes you do not have to do p.e so the other child could be jelous and discriminate you. It could also be because the child is not of the same race as them or dosent belive in wwhat they belive in. children often learn this by their families,teachers, friends. Some time people discriminate withot even knowing anything about that person . There are manyaffects that can happen with children who have been discriminated. During the early years stage children are helped to develop a sense of individuality, identity, self worth and self esteem. Children also begin to recognize racial and different genders from the age of 3 and 4years. But by being a victim of discrimination it can affect the child’s life in many ways such as the child can damage their developing sense of self esteem, they may grow up with a view of themselves as inferier and they might not try new activities for the fear of failing or if they will do it wrong, they might also develop serious emotional and social problems. If it is a child with special needs for example dyslexia, it would make the child who is very often different to other children; feel even more isolated and different. children with special needs have a very difficult time trying to fit in with other children especially if they are in a mainstream school. There are four main areas of potential effect of discrimination with children:
• Physical- , Signs of poor health may manifest. Subject could also initiate physical harm to self, attempting suicide, cutting, etc.
• Emotional - Emotional scars seem to run deep and are not healed easily. Could become to believe that persecutors are right, leading to a loss of self worth. Could lead to physical signs of trauma
• Social -. Could lead to more emotional harm, physical harm, intellectual harm, etc.
• Intellectual - Due to unsafe behaviors.
Discrimination may not affect not only the child but the people around the children e.g friends. So nobody would want to be around with that chaild as they may be afraid they could be discriminated. In a setting you ae not allowed to discriminate anyone in the setting because of policies and procedures such as the sex discrimination act (1975) and the disability discrimination act (19950 also as a member of staff you shouldn’t single any child out or be prejiduce towards any child. You should also respect the childs parents , parents will not feel comfterble and also this could harm the repertation of the setting as the parent would tell other parents how their child was being treated. The other parents and they would feel uncomfterble to leave their child alone with you. To make sure you don’t discriminate other parents or any parents you shouldn’t make judgements based on your veiw of parenting because they would be different from other, you could value parents by involving them in activities that you do or they might want to help with. As setting you would provide information about their child and the setting and if you have a multi-cultural setting you could write in more than one language because not all parents would speak English.
A
Legislation effects the working practice because it says what they can and cannot do. Legislation is put in place to protect the children and practitioners such as the childcare act 2004 and the heath and safety at work act 1974.Working with young children can influence the working practice in the setting, such as the curriculum framework, this would influence your work because you get to work with the child individually so if the child is behind in the curriculam frame work which would be the eyfs if the child was aged 0-5. This would influence the setting because you would have to work with the child individually so the childs planning would be different to the other children. This would mean that you would have to hire more staff to cover the education of the other children. Funding in the setting would also matter because you will need to provide best equiptment that there is and if you don’t have any funding it wouldent be possible to have the equiptment that you will need. By having funding it will also influence your working practice because this way you will have more resorses for the children to use and play with. Diversity and equality is also another factor that would definitely influence your working practice because you would need to be aware of diversity when planning work for the children so you don’t discriminate or offend anyone such as saying black people are racist, that might offend someone so you should always remember what you say and also remember to plan according to every ones race, religion, colour and belief such as to celebrate all the festivals in all cultures not just the main ones like eid, Christmas and diwali you should also celebrate the Chinese new year and weask the Buddhist festival.
Bibliography
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Tassoni P (2007) childcare and education heinemann essex 4th edition.
- Diploma child care and education by penny tassoni and Kate beith published 2002
- Child care and education cache level 3 in child care and education by Tina Bruce
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