When we play sporting games feedback is very important it can encourage people to do better, or it can help people to understand what it is they are doing wrong and, how they can put it right

AS and A Level Physical Education (Sport & Coaching)

When we play sporting games feedback is very important it can encourage people to do better, or it can help people to understand what it is they are doing wrong and, how they can put it right.

The different types of feedback are:

Video recordings

Coach’s view

Teammates view

Opposition view

Family and friends view

Spectators view

Your own view

2. Input

In this stage I would use my visual sense so this would be what I can see. So an example of this in football would be where the defenders are and were the goalkeeper is positioned. I would also use my auditory sense. This is what I can hear so if I can hear anyone running behind me or if one of my teammates is shouting man on or if he’s telling me I am in an offside position. My last sense I would use would be my kinaesthetic sense. This is what I can feel so if I can feel my man marker and which way he will move. If I don’t do this correctly when or if I get the ball a defender will come in and take the ball away from me as I didn’t expect him to be there as I dint use on of the above senses.

Decision

I will have to use all the information above to make my decision .If the ball was crossed in and no one was marking me and the goalkeeper was positioned in the middle of his goal. The decision I would make would be to header at goal, rather than head it back to one of my teammates, as I am un marked and this is a goal scoring opportunity. I would header it into one of the corners because I have used my visual sense and I know the goalkeeper is in the middle of his goal so I want to header it away from him.

Output

Because I have practiced my heading skills I execute the header perfectly and the ball fly’s past the keeper and into the goal. But if I didn’t execute the header well then it might have gone wide or the keeper might have saved it. All three of these have to be done correctly otherwise there will be no end product.

Feedback

The feedback is good as I have executed the header and it when in I know it is good as I have seen it go in the goal and it felt good as I headed it, and I knew I made a good connection to the ball with my head.

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Feedback

Every time we perform a skills are brain goes through the same phases each time. We go through the phases with out even knowing it and it only takes a couple of seconds. That’s why dummying and step over have become so popular in football. It’s because the other players brain has to react to the dummy before it can realise that the player hasn’t gone left but right. This gives the other player a couple of second to get past the player and run towards the goal.

Feedback is vital information about our performances. By using feedback we are able to analyse and improve our performances.

Feedback comes from two sources:

Internal

Internal feedback comes to us from our senses. The proprioceptors found in our joints tell us how the movement felt i.e. good or not, and our eyes tell us if we were successful or not. So if we tried to pass the ball over a long distance we would know when we strike the ball if it’s going to reach the player or not by how it felt when we kicked the ball. We can also tell if it was a good pass or not by looking up after we passed it. Another example is when you hit a tennis ball with the frame of the racket, you know when you have done it by the sound it makes and the feeling of the racket. Also the jarring sensation in your arm will instantly tell you when your golf drive has ploughed straight into the ground.

External

This type of feedback is the most important if you want to improve in your sport.

External feedback is what our coach tells us in the dressing room on how well you did or not. Watching ourselves on video or being given a score. There are two different types of external feedback Knowledge of results and Knowledge of performance.

Knowledge of results tells us the outcome of our performance. It tells us how many points we got, our position in the league and we will know weather or not if we scored a goal. This type of feedback would be best for professional footballers and managers, as it doesn’t matter how well they played as long as they get good results.

Knowledge of performance is about how well you performed rather than the result you got. This is found out by talking to the coach after the game. We do this to find out the standard of our performance and if we can improve this. This is best for beginners, as they would like to improve their performance.

3. Feedback is very important in improving our sports performance. As we need to know what we are doing well and what we need to improve on. We find this out by either watching it on video recordings or talking it through with the coach. We can receive feedback during a sporting activity not just afterwards. If a coach shouts well done when you do a pass in football your coach is giving you a positive feedback as you done the pass correctly and with a good standard the standard he would like you to keep doing it at. The coach should say well done the moment you produce the pass so you know what he is praising you for. Where if he waited till after the match you might not know what he was talking about. It is also done to encourage you to do even better as your confidant as you are playing well. Sometimes it isn’t always good feedback the coach will shout out during a game. It might be to correct something you did wrong. Feedback to correct mistakes doesn’t need to be given out every time, as the performer will normally know when he has made a mistake. Feedback of coaches during a game must be very short, as too much information would lead to confusion especially for beginners. Coaches are always trying to be positive towards players when giving feedback however, there are times when criticism is necessary. Unfortunately players become defensive when they are criticized and they fail to take on board the information. The way around this is to use the ‘sandwich approach’ (Weinberg and Gould) this type of feedback involves two different parts:

A positive statement e.g. good effort.
Then give a future instruction e.g. next time use your laces.

Using this method builds trust. Coaches must also make sure they don’t, overuse praises as it can lose its effect.

Feedback about performance can be very beneficial to the performer in several different ways, but the main functions are to motivate and to instruct.

Motivational feedback attempts to improve the player’s performance by enhancing confidence and inspiring greater effort and energy by creating a good mood. You can find examples of this all the time in Sunday league football at your local park the coach will shout things like “hang in their” and “you can do it.” A second way that feedback can be motivating is by giving them specific feedback for way they have just done. For example players receiving bad feedback for their poor performance might encourage them to play better. But with this feedback they will experience feelings of dissatisfaction, when they do start to perform better they will get a great feeling of self satisfaction when the feedback you give them tells them they have improved.

Instructional feedback provides information about

The type of behaviour that should be performed i.e. if a player is getting frustrated and performing bad tackles the coach must tell him to calm down.
The levels of skill that should be achieved i.e. if players aren’t playing to their ability that they can the coach should say you can play better than that.
The performer’s current level of ability in the desired skills and activities. When skills are highly complex, the instructional part of knowledge of results can be particularly important. Breaking down the skill becomes easier because the player knows what to do in each part of the skill.

Feedback is differs depending on the types of people you are giving it to. For example if you are coaching an adult you will give him a lot more feedback negative or positive in one go, whereas if you were coaching a child you would only give him good feedback in small chunks so he can understand it and doest get upset with his performance. The feedback also depends on the level of ability if you have. If you have a really skilled young player and a beginner who is an adult it changes again. For example you can give the skilled player more technical feedback which would be to hard for the adult to understand as he is not a skilled and not at that level.