Planning and Training
Planning and Training Warming up: ? warms your muscles by increasing the movement of blood through your tissues, making the muscles more supple; ? increases delivery of oxygen and nutrients to your muscles by increasing the blood flow to them; ? prepares your muscles for stretching; ? prepares your heart for an increase in activity; ? prepares you mentally for the upcoming exercise; ? and primes your nerve-to-muscle pathways to be ready for exercise. My benefits from doing a warm up are as follows: My performance may be improved as an appropriate warm up will result in an: ? Increased speed of concentration and relaxation of warmed muscles. ? Dynamic exercises reduce muscle stiffness. ? Facilitatured oxygen, utilization by warmed muscles because haemoglobin releases oxygen more regularly at higher muscle temperature. Warming down: ? helps your heart rate and breathing to return towards normal gradually; ? helps avoid fainting or dizziness, which can result from blood pooling in the large muscles of the legs when vigorous activity is stopped suddenly; ? helps prepare your muscles for the next exercise session, whether it's the next day or in a few days' time; and ? helps to remove waste products from your muscles, such as lactic acid, which can build up during vigorous activity. Football Training session for Hedon Rangers What I will be doing in
Discuss the Differences Between Skill, Ability and Technique andHow You Would Structure Practices To Enhance These Components of Fitness?
DISCUSS THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SKILL, ABILITY AND TECHNIQUE AND HOW YOU WOULD STRUCTURE PRACTICES TO ENHANCE THESE COMPONENTS OF FITNESS? In order to successful at any sport, you must have skill, ability and technique. Skill is the ability to choose and perform the right techniques at the correct time, regularly and with the minimum of effort in a specific movement in a sport. " It is a co-ordinated act, involving complex movements brought together in a consistent and smooth manner ". (Galligan et al, 2000). Welford (1968) states " Skill is an organised co-ordinated activity in relation to an object or situation which involves a whole chain of censory, central & motor mechanism ". Professor GP Meredith claims that "Excellence of performance-the successful integration of a hierarchy of abilities (all the abilities we have) appropriate to a given task under given conditions ". Elite athletes use skill to achieve victory in their sport. For example scoring the winning or deciding goal in football. Ability is as E. Fleishman states, "Motor abilities are relatively enduring traits which are generally stable qualities or factors that help a person carry out a particular act". Arnot and C. Gaines both say, "Motor abilities are innate inherited traits that determine an individuals co-ordination, balance, ability and speed of reactions". Ability is also what you are born with; we
The role of feedback
Discuss the role of feedback in the learning of skills In this assignment I am going to show how different styles of feedback and how they can benefit the leaning of skills for a team, individual and racquet sports. There are many different types of feedback, which can help an individual learn skills. Feedback is defined as 'a reaction or response to a particular process or activity' (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/feedback, accessed 16th march 2007) This means that when a skill is learnt, a response is made to the performed skill. It is said that learning can't occur without feedback as otherwise we are not told what is right and wrong and feedback helps us to learn from our mistakes. Feedback is also linked to the information-processing model. There are two models for information processing Whiting's model and Welford's model. Within each of these models there are 3 stages of processing which I shall show in the table below. Stimulus identification Response selection stage Response programming stage In this part of the process the sense organs such as your ears and eyes pick up information from the surrounding environment and recognise what they are. E.g. netball player is about to catch the ball detects the movement of the ball, the speed and its direction. In this stage it involves making a decision from the information just collected. E.g. the
Health Related Fitness in Sport
Health Related Fitness in Sport I am a fitness instructor who works for the local sports development group, and my role is to promote health and fitness within the surrounding community. I must produce a detailed document about health and sport. What is Health Related Fitness? Health related fitness is a level of fitness based on fitness test scores, with good scores meaning the subject has a low chance of developing health problems. Health related fitness is needed by everyone, regardless of whether or not they do sport. Benefits include weight loss, improved self-esteem and less risk of heart and lung problems. According to another definition, "fitness is the ability of the body to carry out everyday activities without excessive fatigue and with enough energy left over for emergencies. This means that, as well as performing our normal daily tasks, we can also perform additional physical activities including sport. There is what we call "components of Health Related Fitness" and if there is a good balance between the developments of all of these, then we can say that a good level of Health Related Fitness has been reached." (www.teachpe.com) The Five Components of Health Related Fitness (HRF) Health related fitness can be divided into five key components. These are muscular endurance, strength, flexibility, aerobic endurance and body composition. The basic definitions of
An Investigation Into the Effect of Fatigue On a Penalty Kick.
AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE EFFECT OF FATIGUE ON A PENALTY KICK BY RYAN BATE Planning B - Pre-test In order to test and carry out my means of data collecting in a successful and productive manner, I carried out a pre-test. This pre-test involved me observing and analysing seven footballers; all of who, are of a similar ability level. I was able to gather the participants before an organised training session to try and avoid inconvenience to the subjects. I had a full size football pitch at my disposal although; I only needed one goal with and 18-yard box. The first task that I asked the participants to complete was a gentle warm-up, which involved the 7 subjects passing the ball around in a circle while following their passes. This enabled me to take a brief look at the ability and footed preference of the participants while providing a light warm-up. Another reason why the pre-test had to be carried out was because I had to pick out an appropriate viewing angle to analyse the participants. I had to be close enough to observe small limb movements but I needed to make sure that the subjects had enough space. In the pre-test there were seven participants who each took 5 penalties resulting in a score out of 50 from the goal set-up below: - 0 points 5 points 0 points 4 points 3 points 4 points The participants then took part in a bleep test, until they
For my personal exercise programme, I have decided that I am going to attempt to improve my performance in cricket.
Aim and Purpose For my personal exercise programme, I have decided that I am going to attempt to improve my performance in cricket. When I play cricket, I have noticed that although my bowling tends to be good, my batting and fielding are not quite at the level that I would like them to be. It is for this reason that I am going to attempt to improve my agility and my hand-eye co ordination. Improving my agility is going to be my primary objective. I have noticed that when fielding, particularly in the slip position, I struggle to get to the ball fast enough to catch it, when it is coming towards me. This mainly happens when the ball is coming towards me at a particularly low height. If I manage to improve my agility as I hope to do, I believe that catching a more difficult ball will become easier and improve my game. I also believe, that since the test I am using to improve my agility involves running a course in the shortest amount of time possible, that my fitness level may also be improved from taking the test. I believe that this may improve some aspects of my game that I am not specifically concentrating on (such as fatigue after bowling for several overs). My secondary objective is going to be improving my hand-eye co ordination. I have noticed, that when I am batting, I have a tendency to misjudge the angle at which the ball is approaching me, and when I play the
Using your knowledge of aerobic adaptation, explain why an athlete who has trained intensively following a continuous training programme will beat an athlete who has trained very little over a 5,000 metre race.
2/11/02 Jonathan de Vletter Using your knowledge of aerobic adaptation, explain why an athlete who has trained intensively following a continuous training programme will beat an athlete who has trained very little over a 5,000 metre race. Continuous training is a method of training to work on developing endurance, and so would be an appropriate method of training for an athlete looking to become more competitive over the course of a 5,000 metre race. As such, it could be expected that, all other things being equal, the trained athlete would beat the untrained athlete. One adaptation which could be expected to occur as a result of aerobic training would be the alteration of the structure of the muscle fibres. Aerobic training has a particularly large effect on the slow twitch muscle fibres within the body, and through training can be enlarged by up to 22%. The benefit of such an adaptation to the performer will be greater potential within the fibres for aerobic energy production because there will be greater area for mitochondria to operate within. As indicated, another adaptation to occur would be an increase in the mitochondria within the body, both in terms of the number and the size. Intense endurance training over a long period of time can lead to a number increase of 100% and a size increase of 40%. The benefit to the athlete of such an
Pe: Performance Profile Analysis
My name is Mide Kole-Emmanuel and I currently attend Westcliff High School for Boys, I recently joined the sixth form at the start of the year and I have chosen to study PE as a subject. The main sport that I usually play is football and I can play in the centre and right midfield positions. I have been playing football from a very young age and have enjoyed it thoroughly and I have a great enthusiasm towards the sport, I began playing at the age of eight, at this point it was not a serious commitment but I frequently went to the park to practice my football skills with my friends. After these few periods I developed enough interest to join a football team at the age of 10, the football team I chose to play for was called Enfield Rangers under 11s, based on the outskirts of London; this was a very good experience for me as I played matches regularly. It was a very successful team which boasted players who were already being scouted by the likes of Tottenham Hotspur and West Ham, I however was not one of them and I did not receive an opportunity to do so for a further few years. We won the league in my first season, and then we came second throughout the remaining 2 years I spent there. I had no choice but to leave Enfield Rangers at the age of 13 as my family decided to move out into Essex, however it did not take long for me to discover a new football club to play for.
Discussion about 'Human Resource Management works well in theory but not in practice.'
Discussion about 'Human Resource Management works well in theory but not in practice.' Abstract This article focuses on discussing whether "performance-related pay" (PRP) works well in theory but not in practice. Although it was designed in theory as a good motivation to lead people in organizations to go ahead, in order to improve individual and organizational performance, in practice, however, it is not the only motivator, or even an effective motivator-it can positively demotivate. (Armstrong, 1996, p271) PRP is depicted and discussed in this article, which explains how it works in practice and why it does not work well. A case is also introduced into the article to make some more detailed discusses. Keywords Performance Related Pay; motivation; appraisal; practice. I. Introduction During the late 20th century, human resource management was heralded by a number of writers and academics as a different way of managing the employer- employee relationship. Although HRM has already expanded many branches of theories and the step of development keeps on going ahead, in this essay, we will focus on an important and controversial aspect of Human Resource Management - performance-related pay. PRP emerged in the entrepreneurial 1980s as the answer to motivating people and developing performance-oriented cultures. It was seen as a major lever for change, and the government of
A personal exercise programme to improve my all round performance during football.
Personal Profile My name is Katie Anderson, I am 16 years old. I am devising a personal exercise programme in order to improve my all round performance during football. I chose football as this is my main sport. As a defender I need to be fairly strong but also as a left back I need some speed to keep up with the wingers. I train weekly and play most weeks through out the football season with my team Doncaster Parklands Rovers W.F.C. I train for approximately 2 hours a week and play for a full 90 minutes on a Sunday. Occasionally I train with my school football team for about 50-60 minutes and play the odd match for them. I have completed three seasons with Parklands at junior level however for the last 2 seasons I have also played at open age level as well. This season I have broken into the first team which play in the northern combination league. This league is in third tier of the league pyramid making Parklands one of the top 82 teams in the country as well as the league we also participate in a number of cup competitions including the Sheffield and Hallamshire F.A. county cup and the women's F.A. cup. I have no current injuries or health problems that need to be taken into consideration or will affect my participation in carrying out my exercise programme. Health and Skill Related Fitness Below is a list of health and skill related fitness with the definitions: