Success depends on group cohesion, discuss.
Success depends on group cohesion, discuss. Starting with the basics, an efficient and effective sports team is a collection of two or more athletes who have a common identity, set of goals, objectives and fate. Its members show structured patterns of interaction and styles of communicating. They view the structure of the team in the same ways. There is a mutual reliance upon one another to be connected personally and perform their skills. In other words, the team is a source of mutual benefit for the members. The athletes of a team need to be attracted to each other and think of themselves as a part of a "we" that differentiates them from "they." The definition of cohesion -- `a dynamic process that is reflected in the tendency of a group to stick together and remain united in the pursuit of its instrumental objectives and/or for the satisfaction of member affective needs' (Carron et al., 1998, p. 213) Group cohesion is a set of forces acting on members of a group, this tends to keep them within the group. Involves resistance to group disruption, commitment to group goals and individual responsibility for the achievement of goals. Factors in developing a team concept and cohesiveness Situational Factors. Players in Close Proximity to each other will tend to bond together. Team changing rooms, residences, and shared means of transportation increase interaction. A team
PE Exam Question: The commercialisation of sport is wholly beneficial. (25)
PE Exam Question The commercialisation of sport is wholly beneficial. (25) The commercialisation of sport is not wholly beneficial as it has many disadvantages to it. Commercialisation is the promotion and development of a product as a business within a market place. This is done by the use of sponsorship, funding, selling, publicity and advertising within the media, which is all rooted from money. People invest in sport not only for the success that comes from it, but for the great deal of money that can be made in the sport business, therefore money is of high importance in the sporting industry. With the commercialisation of sport comes money, which can be invested in the development of young talent so that they may improve to become a world class performer, and can therefore be displayed on the 'shop window' or 'world stage,' thus acting as role models and encouraging mass participation, which in turn brings more money into sport. The commercialisation of sport created thousands of jobs worldwide, consequently increasing profits, which can be used to increase the three factors that affect sport; access, opportunity and esteem. Though this may be seen as a disadvantage as well, funding is distributed unequally, so the sports that have been commercialised are funded more money due to their increase in popularity that comes with commercialisation. However,
"Sport, in contemporary British society, is primarily a means of reinforcing national or local identity". Discuss with relation to one or more specific examples of its contemporary presentation in one or more media forms.
"Sport, in contemporary British society, is primarily a means of reinforcing national or local identity". Discuss with relation to one or more specific examples of its contemporary presentation in one or more media forms. Sport can be seen as a means of fitness and endurance, where athletes strive to win and is also continually being regarded as a typical means of nation building. It produces records for the nation and makes it possible to find one's place in the International World of competition. This is just one reason for people forming a national identity. It is characterized by competition and result, and what comes out of this is an identity of production. By linking identification to results, the competitive encounter in sports stirs up feelings of connection and togetherness. Out-comes and records of sport are regarded as representative, and as collective results. It is also the media and their representation of sport that leads us to create our own national identities. After the England versus Germany match of September, 2001, the words "Five-one to us" could be heard nationwide, after they were mass printed in British tabloid papers. The result released strong emotions and a collective National identity. Sport makes people wave the national flag and sing the national anthem in the case of victory. Sport produces successful athletes who are then proclaimed as
Planning and Training
Planning and Training Warming up: ? warms your muscles by increasing the movement of blood through your tissues, making the muscles more supple; ? increases delivery of oxygen and nutrients to your muscles by increasing the blood flow to them; ? prepares your muscles for stretching; ? prepares your heart for an increase in activity; ? prepares you mentally for the upcoming exercise; ? and primes your nerve-to-muscle pathways to be ready for exercise. My benefits from doing a warm up are as follows: My performance may be improved as an appropriate warm up will result in an: ? Increased speed of concentration and relaxation of warmed muscles. ? Dynamic exercises reduce muscle stiffness. ? Facilitatured oxygen, utilization by warmed muscles because haemoglobin releases oxygen more regularly at higher muscle temperature. Warming down: ? helps your heart rate and breathing to return towards normal gradually; ? helps avoid fainting or dizziness, which can result from blood pooling in the large muscles of the legs when vigorous activity is stopped suddenly; ? helps prepare your muscles for the next exercise session, whether it's the next day or in a few days' time; and ? helps to remove waste products from your muscles, such as lactic acid, which can build up during vigorous activity. Football Training session for Hedon Rangers What I will be doing in
Local and national provision for tennis.
Local and national provision for tennis Every popular sport has to be provided for at different levels, from absolute beginner, to international excellence. At each level, there are different coaching and training procedures, as well as the consideration of the disabled to cater for. My essay will try to explain how the management of tennis is controlled within the UK, including: > How the facilities and coaches are funded. > The path of how to become one of the select few associated with national excellence, and the steps up to it. > The issues faced by participants and providers. > Recent history of tennis. "Over 2,300 Tennis Clubs Affiliate to the LTA Most affiliated clubs offer coaching programmes and welcome newcomers to tennis" (Quotations taken from the L.T.A. website) Recent History: Before England had two male players ranked in the top twenty of the ATP world tennis rankings little was said or heard about the sport, in the UK, when Wimbledon was not on, and what interest did we have in seeing the sport being dominated by overseas players, Pete Sampras for example. When we see people representing our country at any sport it is inspirational, without this inspiration we will not get the same ability through from younger generations, therefore it is very hard to pick the sport back up. An example of this is when Greg Rusedski chose to play for England rather
Motivation is one of the most important aspects of a competitive performance.
Motivation is one of the most important aspects of a competitive performance. Motivation is being inspired to do something; this can be intrinsic or extrinsic. Extrinsic motivation comes from the outside environment; this can be money, medals, prizes or fame. You are motivated to do it because you get a material reward. Intrinsic motivation comes from within the performer. The performer gets personal enjoyment from the sport, even if they have no ability, if they enjoy it and have fun then they will be motivated to carry on with the sport, it doesn't matter if they have natural ability or not. Motivation whether it is intrinsic or extrinsic has different effects on an athlete including whether or not they continue with their sport. An athletes motivation usually predicts their attendance to that particular sport for example an intrinsically motivated boxer (Lennox Lewis) trains very hard and his fights must be painful, so what motivates him to continually push his body physically? Because he gains personal enjoyment, whereas a boxer who fights for extrinsic reasons would be someone who continues their sport to become better at it solely to win medals. Elite performers who are millionaires still contribute to their sports but not for the money so they must be intrinsically motivated. Ian Thorpe is a good example of this, Even though he knew he wasn't going to win the
TaeKwonDo: A Sport, A Culture,
TaeKwonDo: A Sport, A Culture, A Way of Life, Although many people who are unfamiliar with taekwondo believe it to be a blood-thirsty and violent sport, those who are involved in taekwondo know that it is more than a sport, but an art and a way of life which teaches non-violence and a strict code of moral conduct. TaeKwonDo: A Sport, A Culture, A Way of Life, I. Whether People Practice Taekwondo For¡K. II. History of Taekwondo A. Koryo Dynasty (918-1392) B. Choson Dynasty (1392-1910) C. Contemporary Period III. Taekwondo Mind and Its Effects A. Taekwondo Mind B. Meaning and Effects of Training C. Cloth Belts IV. Taekwondo Organizations A. Kukkiwon B. International Taekwondo Federation V. How Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism Have Influenced Taekwondo A. Confucianism B. Taoism C. Buddhism D. Implementing the Philosophies V. A Better World and Taekwondo Whether people practice taekwondo for sport, recreation, art, or just for a hobby, there are five tenets that govern the practitioner's life. Those five tenets are: Courtesy, Integrity, Perseverance, Self Control, and Indomitable Spirit. For thousands of years, regardless of what their purpose might be for practicing taekwondo, it cannot help but have a positive effect both physically and mentally on the individual. History of Tae Kwon Do All people are equipped with an instinct to defend
Discuss the Differences Between Skill, Ability and Technique andHow You Would Structure Practices To Enhance These Components of Fitness?
DISCUSS THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SKILL, ABILITY AND TECHNIQUE AND HOW YOU WOULD STRUCTURE PRACTICES TO ENHANCE THESE COMPONENTS OF FITNESS? In order to successful at any sport, you must have skill, ability and technique. Skill is the ability to choose and perform the right techniques at the correct time, regularly and with the minimum of effort in a specific movement in a sport. " It is a co-ordinated act, involving complex movements brought together in a consistent and smooth manner ". (Galligan et al, 2000). Welford (1968) states " Skill is an organised co-ordinated activity in relation to an object or situation which involves a whole chain of censory, central & motor mechanism ". Professor GP Meredith claims that "Excellence of performance-the successful integration of a hierarchy of abilities (all the abilities we have) appropriate to a given task under given conditions ". Elite athletes use skill to achieve victory in their sport. For example scoring the winning or deciding goal in football. Ability is as E. Fleishman states, "Motor abilities are relatively enduring traits which are generally stable qualities or factors that help a person carry out a particular act". Arnot and C. Gaines both say, "Motor abilities are innate inherited traits that determine an individuals co-ordination, balance, ability and speed of reactions". Ability is also what you are born with; we
My Governing Body What is a governing body of sport?
Darren Cooper Contemporary Portfolio My Governing Body What is a governing body of sport? Governing bodies of sport are voluntary bodies. Their main functions are to: - * To make rules and regulations * Organise and run competitions * Develop coaches * Develop and introduce referees * Introduce coaching awards * Select players to represent country An example of a governing body is the ENGLISH FOOTBALL ASSOCIATION. The English football association is based at FA HEADQUARTERS 25 Soho Square London W1D 4FA Telephone: 020 7724 1182 The English football association's website is thefa.com National associations of Football maintain the rules and keep players disciplined by fining and or banning players. The FA carries this out by setting up a panel, this panel will here the case of a player/team then if necessary a punishment will be given. These associations promote football, all over the country particularly at grassroots level to get youngsters involved in football. The FA organises friendly matches for national teams at all ages, and they also select coaches for the national teams, these coaches select the best team possible to represent their country. There are various governing bodies to govern the game all over the world, firstly FIFA decide were and when world tournaments will be held. Then UEFA run the game in Europe while each country has its own
The role of feedback
Discuss the role of feedback in the learning of skills In this assignment I am going to show how different styles of feedback and how they can benefit the leaning of skills for a team, individual and racquet sports. There are many different types of feedback, which can help an individual learn skills. Feedback is defined as 'a reaction or response to a particular process or activity' (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/feedback, accessed 16th march 2007) This means that when a skill is learnt, a response is made to the performed skill. It is said that learning can't occur without feedback as otherwise we are not told what is right and wrong and feedback helps us to learn from our mistakes. Feedback is also linked to the information-processing model. There are two models for information processing Whiting's model and Welford's model. Within each of these models there are 3 stages of processing which I shall show in the table below. Stimulus identification Response selection stage Response programming stage In this part of the process the sense organs such as your ears and eyes pick up information from the surrounding environment and recognise what they are. E.g. netball player is about to catch the ball detects the movement of the ball, the speed and its direction. In this stage it involves making a decision from the information just collected. E.g. the
