Helicopter Investigation
Contents Page Aim....................................................................................................................................................................................Page 2 Prediction...................................................................................................................................................................Page 2/3 Equipment.......................................................................................................................................................................Page 3 Method........................................................................................................................................................................Page 3/4 Results Table............................................................................................................................................................Page 4/5 Workings out for Averages..................................................................................................................................Page 5/6 Graphs/Conclusion..............................................................................................................................................Page 6/7/8
Evaluating a Torsional Pendulum experiment
Evaluation: I will firstly work out the overall experimental error and how far it was from the true value, using the same formula used in the preliminary. =2? = 10.36 Therefore the total error from what the true value should be is [(11.368-10.36)/11.368] x 100= 8.89% This shows that my experimental results had an overall 8.89% error, where as in my preliminary I had an error of 15.89%, therefore I believe my improvements have improved the accuracy of my results. From the 2 graphs above I can see that the result for 0.1 meter length seems to be the furthest away from the line of best fit, and may be considered as an anomalous result, however I don't think it's necessary to remove this result. The reason for this error could be any of the ones stated below, or possibly as it was the first reading I took, there could have been an initial fault in my experiment set up. Even though I have improved the accuracy of my experiment there are still many errors which will have decreased the accuracy of my results. I will now state each one and estimate percentage errors for the reading error and also experimental error if possible. * The meter ruler is accurate to ±0.5mm, therefore error on the smallest length would be (0.5/100)x100=0.5% and largest length (0.5/500)x100=0.1% . Therefore the error here can be no greater than 0.5%, so this is not a very significant error. However
Aim: To see if the horizontal motion of a wooden block affects the time it takes the block to fall from the bench to the groun
Experiment Aim: To see if the horizontal motion of a wooden block affects the time it takes the block to fall from the bench to the ground. Hypothesis: Time taken for the block to reach the ground is not affected by the horizontal motion. Method: A wooden block of length 10cm is launched with different speeds from a bench. The time during which the block blocked the light source is measured with a data logger. The distance between the point where the block first reaches the ground and the bench is measured using a ruler. Diagram: Measurements of the time during which the wooden block blocked the light source of the light gate and the corresponding distance between the landing point and the bench, d, are recorded in a table: time/ms distance/m 88.04 0.37 78.02 0.54 52.03 0.78 48.93 0.83 48.57 0.95 37.63 .12 30.40 .20 27.36 .46 25.19 .30 23.34 .67 21.39 2.44 20.10 .06 9.75 2.15 6.28 2.43 The launch speed is obtained by dividing the length of the wooden block by the time elapsed when the wooden block blocked the light source: For example, when time=27.36ms, launch speed= (10÷100)m/(27.36÷1000)s= 3.65ms-1 The launch speeds calculated are recorded in the same table. Results: time/ms distance/m launch speed/ms-1 88.04 0.37 .14 78.02 0.54 .28 52.03 0.78 .92 48.93 0.83 2.04 48.57 0.95 2.06 37.63 .12 2.66 30.40 .20 3.29
Investigating the strength of a Supermarkets plastic bag.
Investigating the strength of a Supermarkets plastic bag Aim I have been asked to investigate the strength of a supermarkets plastic bag. I am going to test and analyse the plastic bag by investigating how applying a gradual increasing force effects the extension of the material. Apparatus * 30cm by 1cm strip of plastic bag, * Stand, * Clamp, * Boss, * Weights (N)- 100g * 2 wood blocks, * Ruler Method Before we can begin the experiment my group and I will have to set up the apparatus as shown on the diagram but with excluding the weights. We will set up the apparatus by cutting a 1 by 30cm strip of plastic from a plastic bag. We will proceed by placing the strip in between the two wooden blocks and then into the clamp. We will then begin the experiment by applying the first weight of 1 Newton. After applying the first weight we will then measure the length of the plastic strip record the length and calculate the extension. We will continue the experiment by adding another 1 Newton and recording the result and extension again. We will continue to keep adding 1 Newton and recording the results until the strip of plastic snaps or we have recorded a total of 10 results. We will redo the experiment twice again so that the results are more accurate and we can determine an average. To make sure that we keep it a fair test we will make sure that we use the same length
An Investigation to the relationship between the distance the crater is dropped from a the size of the resultant crater.
An Investigation to the relationship between the distance the crater is dropped from a the size of the resultant crater. Strand P - Planning your investigation. A crater is a bowl-shaped depression on the surfaces of planets and other bodies in the solar system. A lot craters on the earth are formed by volcanic activity although a lot of craters are formed by meteorites. I am going to use a 88g ball which will replace the meteorite and I will measure the diameter of impact on the sand which replaces the crater. Prediction: I predict that as the height increases the diameter of the crater will increase too. I predict this because I know that a force called gravity pulls things of a certain weight down to earth. An 88g ball will definitely be pulled down to earth by gravity. The reason I think the higher the fall the larger the diameter is because there is a longer time for the gravitational force to build up, this will result in a bigger impact on the sand which result in a larger crater. Apparatus: 2 one meter rulers, 1 fifteen cm rulers, clamp stand, tub of sand, 1 88g plasticine ball (43mm in diameter) Variable change: I will change the height the plasticine ball is falling from. Method: Set the ruler up as shown in diagram below and roll 88g of plasticine into a ball. I will use wet sand because I think that it will be easier to measure the diameter as the
Radioactivity notes
RADIOACTIVITY SUMMARY Radioactivity The atomic number of an atom is the number of protons in the nucleus. The mass number of an atom is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. The atoms of an element have the same number of protons in their nuclei but the number of neutrons can vary. Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons are called isotopes. An atom is radioactive if its nucleus has an unstable proton to neutron ratio. An unstable proton to neutron ratio causes an elevated energy level in the nucleus. When a nucleus undergoes radioactive decay it lowers its energy level by giving off radiation. The radiation given off by atoms that are naturally radioactive can be either alpha particles, beta particles or gamma rays. Alpha particles are helium nuclei - two protons and two neutrons. When an alpha particle is released, a new nucleus is formed with two less protons and two less neutrons. Beta particles are electrons formed when a neutron in the nucleus changes to a proton and an electron. When a beta particle is released, a new nucleus is formed with one more protons and one less neutron. Gamma rays are short bursts of very high frequency electromagnetic waves. When a gamma ray is released, the same number of neutrons and protons are present but they have settled to a lower energy level. Properties of Radiation
Objective To measure the centripetal force for whirling a mass round a horizontal circle and compare the result with the theoretical value given by F= mw2r .
School: Canossa College Class: 6B Name: Hazel Chow Ho Ying Class no: 3 Date: 20-10-2010 Mark: Title Centripetal force Objective To measure the centripetal force for whirling a mass round a horizontal circle and compare the result with the theoretical value given by F= m?2r . Apparatus * rubber bung * glass tube * screw nuts * Wire hook * 1.5m of Nylon string * Small paper marker * metre rule * stop-watch Theory When a mass m attached to a string is whirled round a horizontal circle of radius r, the centripetal force for maintaining the circular motion is given by F = m?2r where ? is the angular velocity of the circular motion. This force is provided by the tension of the string. The formula can also be expressed in the terms of the velocity v of the mass, where ?=v/r . Substituting ?=v/r into the formula for F , F = mv2/r The string may not be horizontal as the rubber bung moves around. In fact, the bung moves in a circle of radius r = L sin?. The tension T thus provides both the centripetal force and a force to support the weight of the bung. By resolving T into its horizontal and the vertical components, it is easy to show that T = m?2L regardless of the angle ?. Procedure . Construct the centripetal force apparatus as shown in the following figure. 2. Find the mass of the rubber bung and the screw nuts. The weight of the screw nuts
OCR B Advancing Physics Physics Practical Investigation Coursework Investigating Simple Harmonic Oscillations
Physics Practical Investigation Coursework Investigating Simple Harmonic Oscillations This investigation aims to explore the nature of different oscillating systems, including the factors upon which the oscillation depends and the energy transfer involved. Preliminary Experiment A pendulum was made using a bob hanging, by a piece of string, from a standing clamp. Experiments were carried out, recording the time taken for ten complete cycles from angles of displacement ranging from 5 to 30° in 5° intervals. In separate experiments, the mass and string length were changed as the independent variables in order to investigate the effect they had upon the period of oscillation. The mass of the bobs used were 100, 200 and 300g; the length of the string varying between 15cm and 30cm. For each experiment, three trials were completed in order to allow identification of anomalous results and enable the calculation of an average time - this value was then divided by ten in order to work out the average time of one oscillation. Length of string: 0.15m Average time for 1 oscillation (s) Amplitude: Angle of initial displacement (degrees) 00g 200g 300g 5 .08 .08 .09 0 .08 .09 .09 5 .09 .09 .09 20 .08 .09 .08 25 .09 .10 .09 30 .09 .10 .09 Length of string: 0.3m Average time for 1 oscillation (s) Amplitude: Angle of initial displacement (degrees) 00g
The aim of this experiment is to prove that a falling body has a constant force of gravity on it, no matter what the distance or time taken for the object to fall. The value of gravity or "g" will be determined.
AIM The aim of this experiment is to prove that a falling body has a constant force of gravity on it, no matter what the distance or time taken for the object to fall. The value of gravity or "g" will be determined. THEORY The most simple example of linear motion is a body falling to Earth. When the body is dropped from a height we know that the object will always fall directly towards the centre of the Earth. This though will not happen if a feather is dropped as due to its shape and the forces of drag, upthrust and various others act upon it with greater effect. So providing these forces in our experiments and calculations are negligible by using suitable materials it is fair to say an object falls towards the Earths centre. When the plastercine passes through gate A the computer will immediately start the clock. When the light is broken at gate B the clock will stop. The computer will then process this information and display the starting velocity through gate A and the final velocity through gate B. The readings that the computer shows will have only a 1% error. To make sure that the values of "g" I calculate does not just apply to that one situation the distance will be a variable. The light gates will be attatched to a clamp stand and the distance altered. This will be measured by hand with a ruler which has again a 1% error as it is measured to the nearest
Applying Physics at Alton Towers
Applying Physics at Alton Towers Section A The two aspects of physics that I observed while visiting Alton Towers were: Tensions in context to the Skyride together with stress and strain Acceleration due to free fall in context to the Oblivion In Alton Towers, tensions can be seen everywhere in cables and structures. I have decided to look closely at the Skyride which uses tensions of cables to create not only a ride that shows off parts of the park, but also as a transportation form that takes people from one part of the park to another. The Skyride was built to replace the original cable cars, which had a low capacity and only went to the Gardens and back. The new cable cars now allow a maximum of 12 people meaning that now the groups of people can now use the ride whereas before they would have walked or have taken several cars. Even though it is newer than the original, the Skyride still uses the same principals of physics with no new technologies involved. The Skyride can be described simply as a cable moving cars suspended underneath. The car itself may swing from side to side but it is actually the cable that is moving. Once the car enters a station however, the car engages a clutch and moves from the main transportation cable onto a slower moving chain. This not only slows the car down while they are in the station but also work with the station platform