What factors affect the cooling of hot water in a container?
Science coursework investigation - On what factors affect the cooling of hot water in a container? Harpal Loyal 11A Hypothesis: In this investigation I am going to look into the factors, which affect the heat transfer of hot water in a container. Heat will travel from a place that is hot to somewhere where it is cold. There are three methods of heat transfer, Conduction, Convection, and Radiation. In conduction heat energy is past along from molecule to molecule. Molecules move more rapidly as they get hot and collide with neighbouring molecules passing along the energy. This is only possible with solids because the heat can only be conducted through molecules next to each other. In convection hot molecules move carrying energy with them. Therefore this only works in liquids and gases. As the fluid is heated the molecules vibrate more quickly and move further apart. In radiation heat energy passes directly by means of waves from a hot object to the cold. Therefore it is the only kind that can pass through a vacuum. The factors, which I could investigate, are: * Volume of water * Surface area * Initial temperature * Material of container wind factor (air movement) * Insulation type * Size of container * External room temperature * Stirring or agitation The different insulator types could affect the temperature, depending upon the
Modernism and Post Modernism
Modernism and Post Modernism In the 21century, the products developments are changed a lot. But there are many products still designed by two evolutions - Modernism and Postmodernism. They are very important ideology for the design. And also The Postmodernism is evolved from Modernism. However, Modernist and Postmodernist are still using for many products design. Modernism and Postmodernism have their own ideas and principles which help people to identify the different between them. In the following paragraphs, I will describe the different between Modernism and Postmodernism in product design. And show some products of them, also analyze the products briefly. First of all, I'm going to talk about Modernist design in product design. The time period of Modernism is start at the beginning of 20 century. Modernism is base on practicality, so the products are simple and emphasize on functions. Modernism oppose too much unnecessary decorate (Wikipedia, nd, [Online]). It is emphasize simplify, pure geometrical forms, clear, neat and tiny. It always gives the meaning or purpose directly (Wikipedia, nd, [Online]). Also the material used of modernist design is very emphasizing on quality (Wikipedia, nd, [Online]). However, all of the modernist designs concentrate on pure geometrical forms, simplicity, clarity of form and functional (Wikipedia, nd, [Online]). For example, there is a
Properties of Analgesics
Lab Report TITLE Properties of Analgesics SUMMARY The mass of three analgesics, aspirin, buffered aspirin, and acetaminophen is certainly different. The insoluble particles in each varied as well. If base is added to aspirin, it will neutralize. If it is added to buffered aspirin and acetaminophen, then the pH will increases. First, we found the masses of four tablets of each analgesic. Then, we ground them separately into a powder. Each was dissolved in water and filtered, leaving only the insoluble particles behind The mass of the uncrushed analgesics was compared to its insoluble parts. On the next day, we found the pH of each analgesic, then added NaOH to each in 1mL increments, testing the pH each time. We compared the differing masses (of both the four pills and the insoluables) and the varying pH levels of each analgesic. DATA TABLES: table1 table2 Observation of the Filtering Paper: When the first filtering took place (filtering of aspirin), it left powdered aspirin behind. This was the insoluble materials of aspirin. The other two produced the same results, leaving behind insoluble particles. The buffered aspirin seemed to take longer to filter, followed closely by acetaminophen. The aspirin took the shortest amount of time. ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION The masses of the four tablets for each analgesic was: aspirin tablets were 1.929g;
The Progression of the Sail Boat from Past to Present and beyond
The Progression of the Sail Boat from Past to Present and beyond Abstract - Objective one Sailing has been around for a long time through history, the sailing boat has been used for trade, travel and the might of war. During the great periods in history the sailing boat has adopted more advanced technologies to dramatically improve performance. To describe this continuing change I have decided to report upon the progression of the sail with a design prospective, looking at the materials used and the general shape and design of the boat through history. This is a nice opportunity for the reader and I to figure out the changes and uncover the design break-throughs, because I am a keen sailor and would enjoy strengthening my design understanding of the sport. I will also try to include the trends and popular designs that influenced the market to see what made them superior to the competition. This report will therefore look at the success of the design progression and conclude with a personal overview on the current situation. - Objective Two In order to compose this project I will need to research into the topic. Sailing is very broad so I will not really have any problems in tracking these sources. For example the appendix shows I used a great number of websites and books. I was even lucky enough to find a program on Channel 5 about the latest materials used in sailing.
Restiant Materials
Candidate Number : 8119 Candidate Centre 13327 [ADRIEAN THEVARAJAN-GSCE RESISTANT MATERIALS FULL
Matter and Materials Physics Assignment
Physics Key Skills assignment PHX1 Robert Moss Matter and Materials Part 1 Here is a list of definitions of important terms, with the sources of information in brackets: Tensile Stress (1) Tensile stress is the tensional force acting on a solid per unit cross-sectional area. It is represented by the symbol ? and is measured in N m-2 or Pa. (They are the same thing). Formula: ? = F / A Strain (1) The tensile strain is calculated by dividing the extension produced in a solid (i.e. a wire) under tension, by its original length. It is represented by the symbol ? and has no units. (It is a length divided by a length). Formula: ? = e / l The Young Modulus (1) The Young Modulus is a means by which we can measure a material's relative resistance to tensional force. If a material obeys Hooke's Law (as most of them do, at least to an extent) then the tensile stress is proportional to the tensile strain, and the ratio of stress to strain is a constant, which is characteristic of a material. This is called the Young Modulus, and it is calculated by dividing tensile stress by tensile strain. It is represented by the symbol E, and is measured in N m-2 or Pa, as we divide a measurement in Pa by one with no units. Formula: E = ? / ? , or E = F l / A e. Density (1) Density, a characteristic of a material, is defined as mass per unit volume, and is a measure of relative
Step By Step Guide On Making A CD Case For D+T Resistant Materials
D&T Manufacturing Plan . Find right equipment; ruler, chisel, sand paper, glue, pine and ply 2. Measure the right lengths of wood and then cut into 4 separate parts 250mm for the lengths and 170mm for the widths Equipment needed; Ruler, saw, pencil 3. Create a rectangle for the main frame-using lap joints (250mm high and 170mm in width, sand if needed), 4. Equipment needed; chisel, hammer, glue and pencil 5. Create long thin pine about 95mm long and 7mm high (so they look a bit like sticks) make about 12 pieces (6 ether side) to make the support for the CDs Equipment needed; pencil, saw, ruler 6. Glue the pine sticks to the inside of the frame making sure that nothing sticks out using sand paper, and also making sure that it only goes about 3/4 of the way down to leave space for the storage area. Equipment needed; glue, sand paper 7. Before sticking on the plywood make sure the CDs fit in between the frame nicely Equipment needed; CD 8. Making sure that nothing is sticking out and that the measurements are all correct glue the plywood on to the back of the pine frame. Equipment needed; ruler, glue 9. Sand down any sticking out bits to make it look presentable. Equipment needed; sand paper 0. Sand the corners to make it aesthetically pleasing as possible. Equipment needed; sand paper 1. Then for a finishing touch add water based vanish. Equipment needed;
Product design essay - Two successful designers Jonathan lve and Verner Panton.
In this essay I am going to write about Jonathan lve, who succeeded his imagination which made him design and produced products that is used regularly by his costumers. I will demonstrate all his products and his latest design, how he was influenced and who did he influence with his great creations. Jonathan "Jony" ive, born in February 1967. Jonathan Ive was born in Chingford, London. He is English designer and the Senior Vice President of Industrial Design at Apple Inc. He is the chief designer of the iMac, aluminium and titanium PowerBook G4, MacBook, unibody MacBook Pro, iPod, iPhone, and iPad. He is now a successful vice president of the worldwide company, apple. He has been leading the world's most respected technology designing teams, since 1996. STUDY He was raised by his teacher father and attended Chingford Foundation School then he went on to attend Walton High School in Stafford, Staffordshire, next he studied Industrial Design at Northumbria University. Jonathan Ive moved to the United States in 1992 to pursue his career at Apple Inc. since a young age, Jonathan had developed a passion for finding and discovering out how and what things were made out of, and how they were designed. REWARDS Ive was the winner of the Design Museum's first Designer of the Year award in 2002, and won again in 2003. In 2004, he was a juror for the award. Also in 2005, he
Explain how research material was gathered and used within the drama process
Name: Michael Sims Candidate Number: 8178 Centre Number: 56515 Explain how research material was gathered and used within the drama process When we first began discussing the possible content of our play we were provided with stimulus materials to help us develop our ideas. This included newspaper articles, pictures and extracts from several poems. This selection allowed us to work with a number of influences that we otherwise would not have had. As we further developed our ideas we no longer needed this original stimuli as our concepts had progressed, however, after working with this literature, we were aware of what kinds of research would be useful in developing the play. And so, these stimuli not only helped us to develop our content, they also showed us how we should be conducting our research. Throughout the process, both stimulus and research materials were worked with in the same way; on finding a useful piece of literature or music, we presented it to the group, discussed it, and then either intergraded it into the play, or deciding that it was not useful, it was discarded. This method kept an open dialogue within the group allowing opinions to be constructively voiced, and so, even if the actual material was not used, new ideas were always being developed. When we began to write the play the majority of our ideas had been developed from original war based
Investigating Materials: Which When Wrapped Around Bread Contain Moisture the Best
Oliver Baker Investigating Materials: Which When Wrapped Around Bread Contain Moisture the Best Aim: The aim of the investigation is to find out which material Greaseproof paper, Cling Film, Aluminium foil or a sandwich bag will contain the breads moisture when it is placed in the wrap. Hypothesis: I predict that the aluminium will contain the moisture the best. The scientific theory behind my prediction is based on the structure of atoms. The Aluminium's structure is Giant Covalent, which means that the molecules are packed tightly together. The tight molecules allow minimal air to pass through the material and onto the bread, keeping it 'fresh'. In comparison I believe that the Cling Film is the worst as its molecules are spread out making it easier for the air to pass onto the bread. This would result in hard stale bread. Method: When conducting the experiment I will carry out the following movements: I took four pieces of bread and measured them so they each wade exactly one gram. I then cut a 10x10cm square out of the Greaseproof paper, Cling Film, Aluminium foil and Sandwich bag. I placed one piece of bread in each of the materials and then put them on a tray, I left them a lesson and observed their deterioration the next lesson. I then repeated this process three times. The equipment needed was a roll of Greaseproof paper, Cling Film, Aluminium foil and a