Glass - An overview
Glass Glass is a very odd substance, is it a solid or a liquid? There are many reasons why it can be considered either of the two, but still most people are unsure of its state. Glass may be a state of matter that is neither solid nor liquid. A liquid has viscosity, which is a measure of its resistance to flow. So water may move very quickly because it has a high viscosity, but oil has a high viscosity so it moves slower. If something were to have a very high viscosity then it may seem like a solid but it would be an amorphous solid. An amorphous solid is a liquid that looks like a solid but doesn't have crystals so it just sits there for a long time and slowly moves. A solid has viscoplasticity, which is the resistance to flow under plastic deformation. If you were to punch plastic with your hand it would deform then go back to shape, but if you were to hit it with a steel pipe there would be a dent in the plastic and it wouldn't go back to its original form. So the viscoplasticity is like how much of a force you have to put on it until there is a deformation. Some materials don't flow but creep these materials are known as plasticity materials. The only way they can be deformed is to be held under stress (pressure) for a constant amount of time. Since as far as we can tell both those things hold true for glass so those aren't good ways to establish a for sure state of
For my shop front to be successful and acquire the requirements of customers I have been doing various relevant researches. This research can now be put together and analysed to obtain answers and hopefully a successful shop.
For my shop front to be successful and acquire the requirements of customers I have been doing various relevant researches. This research can now be put together and analysed to obtain answers and hopefully a successful shop. When researching materials i had to think about the costs as well as the practical side. Although the shop hasn't been doing to well the financial side is secure and the owner is willing to invest in the shop front to boost future sales and attract more customers. I researched various materials for the shop. When analysing the materials a had to think about the following questions: Where will it be used? The shop will be in a high street and therefore will have to be made from materials that can resist bad weather. As I am only making a prototype i will use alternative materials to the ones required for the actual real size product. I will state the alternative materials being used. I researched materials such as foam for my prototype but which I would not use fro the real model as it is not strong enough and also not waterproof. What shape/form will it be? The shop front will be designed in a unique way and therefore will require specific materials to fit the shape designed. If I needed a bend in the shop or a certain shape cardboard of plastic would be appropriate for my prototype. Does it have to fit into a particular place? The prototype of the
Design need research for a new toy.
Objective 1 task 1 Design Need Kids are getting inactive nowadays, instead of going outside and play some sports they are at home watching TV, recent news said that kids in the past were more fit than the kids of today because kids of today do nothing. Another factor that keeps children unfit is consoles (PS3, XBOX 360). I asked 20 people what products they use: •Console games (e.g. PS3) •PC games •Board games •Toys The chart below shows the percentage of the people who use the modern products to pass time. The popular answers were PC games and consoles. The problem is because of this, toy manufacturers don't make table games and toys that can compete with these products, this shows there is a gap in the toy industry. The chart shows how in one year the sales of the product that people buy, the leading products are consoles and PCs. PC games and console games are aimed at audiences that are aged 13-17+. The reason kids aged lower than the target audience like to play with PC games is because it a long time to get bored of it. Design Brief I am gong to design a toy- this toy is different to the toys that you see today, for example a modern toy that children have in their homes are Hot Wheel cars, Bay blade and another good selling product in the market are consoles, one of the products that
What factors that affect how a premature baby loses heat
PREMATURE BABIES Aim: What factors that affect how a premature baby loses heat-: Prediction-: my prediction is that the best material for incubator is black paper. Method-: These are the four materials that I will use to do my experiment * TIN FOIL * FOAM * BLACK PAPER * NEWSPAPER * BUBBLE WRAP First I will get a beaker and fill it with hot water and cover the top of the beaker with a wood lid and than rap the material around the beaker and put the thermometer in the water. Every time I change the material I will also change the water. I will time each experiment for 10 minutes. RESULTS 1:- This is my first experiment I did and it was for five minutes per material. Material Start Finish Bubble wrap 84oC 85oC Tin foil 75oC 73oC Black paper 70oC 69oC Newspaper 64oC 60oC Foam 80oC 78oC RESULTS 2-: This is my second experiment I did and it was ten minutes long per material. Material Start Finish Bubble wrap 89oC 80oC Tin foil 82oC 73oC Black paper 75oC 71oC Newspaper 85oC 78oC Foam 83oC 74oC CHANGES-: In my first experiment I did not change the water I was using the same water for every material and in my second experiment I changed the water every time when I used new material. PREMATURE BABIES BACKGROUND When a baby is naked in an incubator it transfers heat energy by radiation and convection to the air inside and the
Major project Outline: Educational Toys
Major project Outline: Educational Toys OBJECTIVE 1 - Identification of a Need. . Situation - Educational Toys are used in a variety of situations. You need to identify an area where Educational Toys are used and identify a problem that needs to be solved. 2. Analysis of the problem - Write a list of all the things that you think will be important for you to think about when designing and making your Educational Toy. You must at this stage, identify your chosen user group. This must not be you are people of your own age group. The product must be marketable. At this stage you only need to write the questions. You will find out the answers in your Research later. Example questions a Jigsaw:- What theme shall I use? What Jigsaw Puzzles are available? How do children learn? Which colours are attractive to children? ETC. 3. Design Brief - Your Design Brief must state WHAT the Educational Toy will be used for, WHERE it will be used, WHY you consider there is a need for it, WHEN it is likely to be used, WHO will use it and some indication of HOW it might achieve its purpose. OBJECTIVE 2 - Research . You need to research from as many different sources of information, e.g., CD-ROM's, Internet, Intranet, books, shops, companies, photographs etc. A questionnaire/survey to find out the exact needs of the user. You will need to use your questionnaire/survey to collect
The use of CAD/CAM in organizations.
The use of CAD/CAM in organizations CAD: Computer Aided Design. CAD is used to create highly detailed drawings or technical illustrations in 2 Dimensions or move advanced 3 Dimensions. Cad has revolutionised the design industry. People such as architects, builders, engineers, landscapers and even the fashion and film industry use cad technology to great effect. Ideally a cad program should be easy to use but produces effective drawings and 3-d images. Advantages of CAD * Drawings are very Precise and accurate * 3D detailed drawings * Computerised models can be made to scale * Test the product if you need to without having to produce it first * Drawings are device independent * You can resize drawings easily by using calculations on the program * More economical and efficient * Files are Smaller than bitmapped images * Easier to see the characteristics * You can see the image in animation so you can get the feeling of it without having to build it Disadvantages of CAD * Initial cost of set up equipment, Software, and training of staff. * High employee costs * The software requires High maintenance.3D software is one of the fastest developing industries and most systems need to be updated on a 3 monthly basis. There are many CAD programs and packages available with some being harder to use than others and for the different aspects of design needed. Top CAD
Polymers - ethene
The double bond in an alkene (like ethene) can be broken open and joined to other molecules. A molecule of ethene can be joined to another molecule of ethene. In the process, the second ethene molecule has its double bond broken, and this may be added to a third molecule of ethene, and so on. Many ethene molecules can be joined together to form a polymer. The polymer is called poly(ethene) because it is made from ethene. Poly(ethene) is commonly called polythene. Polythene is an ICI trademark for poly(ethene). Ethene put under pressure and heated with a catalyst will polymerise to form poly(ethene). Note that there are no double bonds in the polymer. Poly(ethene) is an alkane. It is a saturated hydrocarbon. A polymer is often written in the form A polymer which is formed from monomers added together where no substance (other than the polymer) is produced is called an addition polymer. Examples of addition polymers are poly(ethene), poly(propene), poly(chloroethene) - PVC, and poly(phenylethene) - poly(styrene). Chloroethene used to be called vinyl chloride. The polymer is still called poly(vinyl chloride), or PVC. Phenylethene used to be called styrene. The polymer is still called poly(styrene). Polymers may be classified as thermosoftening or thermosetting. Thermosoftening polymers are sometimes called thermoplastic. Thermosoftening polymers include poly(ethene),
DT -Specification. My lamp will be aimed especially for children 12 year olds because I did a questionnaire and Ive found out it would be best to target my product at a 12 year old
Specification Target Market My lamp will be aimed especially for children 12 year olds because I did a questionnaire and I've found out it would be best to target my product at a 12 year old Function My product needs to be able to light up and it needs to be a self assembly product because it's popular for many reasons, and it keeps the cost as low as possible. Weight I would want my product to be reasonably light so that it can be easily handled and can be easily be taken, but I wouldn't want it to be extremely light as it could easily be blown by the wind. Durability I expect my product to last for life if it's used carefully and my product will be socket powered therefore, batteries will not be used and so the batteries will not be replaced as it would be socked powered however, only the bulb will need to be replaced so that it can light up. Aesthetics My product will need to be colourful and attractive; this is because my product is aimed at 12 year olds. Materials I believe acrylic material will be the best to use as I can bend the material, it's light and I can get see through type and full coloured ones. I can make a stand with acrylic material because I can bend it. Safety Safety will be an important part because it can cause injury if the product isn't made properly. So I will consider making product as safe as possible by making sure it has no
NaturalRubber NR. (Hevea, rubber, natural cis-polyisoprene)
RUBBER Natural Rubber NR. (Hevea, rubber, natural cis-polyisoprene) (slide 1) I'm going to talk to you about rubber, I'll talk about natural rubber first and then go on to talk about the way in which its natural state can be modified and manipulated so its advantageous properties can be used. (slide 2) Natural rubber is an excellent engineering material and is used as the main material in many everyday items the most prevalent being car tires which I'll discuss later also. (slide 3) Natural rubber is obtained from the milky white fluid called latex, found in many plants however synthetic rubbers are produced from unsaturated hydrocarbons (basically this means that there are carbon atoms in the rubber molecule that have a potential to be bonded to more hydrogen. Latex is a milky fluid found in specialized cells, called lactiferous cells. To gather the latex from plantation trees, a diagonal cut angled downward is made through the bark; this cut extends one-third of the circumference of the trunk. The latex spills out from the cut and is collected in a small cup this is called rubber tapping which we can see in this picture. (slide 4) I'll briefly describe the chemical constitution and physical state that we find natural rubber in first. Firstly it's a polymer. It is found in a viscous, high-elastic form, (a thick gooey mess in other words) these conditions
TASK: Turning a Mild Steel Bar.We were each given a mild steel bar to work into the shape shown in the drawing found on the following pages,
Mini Project: Workshop Machinery Dan Peart A223245 TURNING TASK: Turning a Mild Steel Bar. We were each given a mild steel bar to work into the shape shown in the drawing found on the following pages, to do this we used the Turning Lathe in the workshop, but before we could start some measurements had to be taken. This meant using a micrometer to determine the diameter of the bar to begin with. A micrometer allows a measurement of the size of a body. It is an extremely accurate piece of apparatus. The Thimble is rotated, causing it to move right or left. It is connected to the right-hand Measuring Rod. The measured size of the mild steel bar is the distance between the two measuring rods when they are just in contact with the sides of the bar. Because of the mechanical advantage due to the fine pitch of the screw threads that move the thimble and the right-hand measuring rod, it is easy to use enough force in closing the rods on the object being measured to deform either the rods or the object. A Friction Screw is used, which applies just enough torque to rotate the thimble so it doesn't deform the bar or the measuring rod. This Friction Screw is found at the end of the thimble. The reading of the micrometer is outlined in the diagram found on the following pages of this document. The First part of the task was to give one end of the bar a smooth finish, this was done