League of Nations

The League of Nations was organized after World War 1. The goal of the League of Nations was to prevent war and resolve conflict by discussing issues in a peaceful manner. The creation of the League of Nations was one of Wilson’s most important goal and there was considerable support for such an organization because of World War I. International relations were considered to be a necessity to avoid total destruction in the future. Even though the League of Nations started international co-operation and collective security, chances of success were low because some major powers did not become members (including the US).

The League of Nations was strongly weakened by the absence of Germany, the USSR and the United States of America. The League was seen as a winners’ club and created tension, which was what the League was created to prevent. The absence of Germany from the League meant that one of the powers most likely to cause future conflict was outside of a framework for peaceful reconciliation. Russia was also not in the League, this meant that one of the most powerful post war nations was viewed as an outlaw state and felt that its interests were not represented. It also leads to a large amount of chaos over the following years, as Russia attempted to regain lost territory. Russia forms an alliance with Germany that allowed both of them to work around any kind of League action against them, including treaties banning German rearmament and military buildup.

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The absence of the United States was bad for the League of Nations because the US came out of the war more powerful than it had been when the war began. The other nations all had been severely weakened. The United States had also been the driving forces behind the League’s creation, making the League seem less real and less likely to be able to resolve future conflict. The two most powerful members were Britain and France, both had suffered financially and militarily during the war.

Article X of the Covenant: all members agreed to protect all other members ...

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Article X of the Covenant: all members agreed to protect all other members against aggression. By agreeing to article X, each nation was being forced to defend the other nations from aggression no matter what the costs where and had to do so even if they had no interest in it for themselves. The major problems of collective security where that it obliged nations to give up their freedom of action and also nations might be forced to go to war against other nations with whom they might have a good relationship with, profit from their trade or then nations which could be much stronger than themselves and cause a lot of damage. Collective security was too idealistic it assumed that the force of the world’s opinion and the threat of world action would deter aggression.

One of the successes the League experienced in was the Aaland islands, these islands were near Finland and Sweden, and both of them want the islands. Neither of them could come up with a decision and they asked the League to adjudicate, their decision was that the League should remain in Finland but no weapons should be kept there. Both countries accepted the decision.

The League was asked to settle the dispute in Upper Silesia, the people in Upper Silesia had the choice to be part of Germany or Poland. The results were close and they ended up rioting, the League decided to split Upper Silesia between Germany and Poland. The decision was accepted by both countries and the people of Upper Silesia.

Greece and Bulgaria both have a common border. guards patrolling this border fired on each other and a Greek soldier was killed, this resulted in the Greek army invading Bulgaria. The Bulgarians asked the League for help and the League sent experts and decided that Greece was to be blamed.

However, the League did not take care of the issue with the port of Fiume where Italian nationalists took over it. The situation was solved by the Italian government.

When the League tried to help with the issue with the Polish and Czech troops fighting in Teschen, they decided that the town should go to Poland but Czechoslovakia should have one of Teschen’s suburbs which contained the most valuable coal minds and the Poles refused to accept the decision. The two countries continued to argue over the issue.

The League was asked for help to deal with the Vilna situation. The Poles had took over Vilna and the Lithuania could hot persuade the Poles to leave. In the end, Vilna stayed in Polish hands until World War Two.

In 1920, the Poles invaded land held by the Russians. The took over nearly 80,000 square kilometers, the League did nothing, because Russia was a communist country.

When the Germans failed to pay the reparations, the French and the Belgium’s invaded the Ruhr. France was seen as a senior League member, and for the League to do something, it will need a unanimous vote, however France was the one to do it and Britain was a major supporter of her.

Despite the amount of failures, the League of Nations did have some success, even though it was overshadowed by the failures. The failures might be because of the indifference of the great powers, which preferred to see their country as the most important matter. However, the successful actions brought a return of peace, which was what the League of Nations was set up to achieve.