The Greek or Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church
RELIGEOS STUDIES GCSE COURSEWORK 10.03.03 AO1: Choose two different denominations. Select and explain the main features of each place of worship. Compare and contrast the way in which the features of the churches are used in worship. The Greek or Eastern Orthodox Church holds a great belief in the "word-picture" of the church having believers in heaven as well as on earth, spanning time as well as space. The worship is incredibly spiritual and mysterious and a huge amount of incense and candles contribute to this by setting a frightfully heavenly aurora. Much belief relies on traditional methods of the church and what ideas have been passed down through generations and are drawn also from the Holy Scriptures. Both of these can be seen through the way the actual church as building is designed and decorated. The ceiling is a great dome, which is there to represent heaven. Usually pictures of Jesus and his mother are found upon it. The floor symbolises earth and the nave is in the shape of a square which, is to show Gods orderly world and each of its corners that are in remembrance of the four evangelists. The real thing that strikes you when you first enter a Greek Orthodox Church is the huge wooden or stone screen, separating the nave and sanctuary usually about five panels high. It is the iconostasis and is covered in beautiful, colourful icons and in the centre
Are all Christians Ministers?
Are all Christians Ministers? INTRODUCTION John Collins' book "Are all Christians ministers?" attempts to examine the historical basis for the term ministry, to discover it's nature, scope and significance for the kind of church he believes, we have inherited from our traditions, in an endeavour to answer that all Christians are not ministers. MAJOR THEMES Combining a New Testament and historical background, Collins attempts to examine the original meanings and usage of the term ministry in the endeavour, contrary to the new dominant and popular stance held by many Protestant churches today, which is that all Christians are not ministers. [Collins,1992, p 1-3,13,22,51] Collins confides the exclusive rights to ministry to those officially commissioned to ministry in their churches in the role of an office. [Collins,1992,p 2,38-39] He argues that from the earliest tradition that "authentic" Christian ministry can only be a restricted role, unavailable to all, a historical succession of the sacrament of ordination, instituted and hierarchically structured by Christ himself. [Collins,1992, p 2-3,7-8, 26,38-40] Collins claims it holds power, creates a new being, involves preaching the word, leadership, dedication, trustworthiness, being a mediator and reconciler between God and humanity.. [Collins,1992,p 7-8,9,44-45] Collins appeals to Pope John Paul the seconds definition of
DESCRIBE & EXPLAIN THE WAYS IN WHICH CHRISTIANS CELEBRATE HOLY COMMUNION
Niral Patel 11D DESCRIBE & EXPLAIN THE WAYS IN WHICH CHRISTIANS CELEBRATE HOLY COMMUNION Holy Communion is regarded in different terms for different denominations of the church: Orthodox Holy Liturgy Roman Catholic Mass Free Church Breaking of bread Anglican Holy Eucharist (thanksgiving) They all have common views on the factors of Holy Communion. Even though they are four different types of the Christian religion, all denominations share the idea that Jesus was Christ, the chosen one, meaning that they believed Jesus was sent by God as our Saviour showing no difference in this case. Holy Communion remembers, celebrates and re-enacts the sacrifice of Christ on the cross for forgiveness of sins and salvation. The Roman Catholic (R.C.), Orthodox and the Church of England (CoE) see it as a Sacrament which 'contains the body and blood, soul and divinity, of the Lord Jesus Christ in the representation of bread and wine.' The Holy Communion shows the idea that Christians are joined together in a community, with Christ, by sharing the bread and wine. The Eucharist is one of the main acts of worship for both Catholics and Anglicans. It is celebrated at least once a week; every Sunday. The Eucharist is one of the only sacraments established by all Christians. A sacrament is a 'sacred ceremony which is a sign of Christ's presence in the Church and the lives of
Assessment Item Two: Religious Education The Church has a problem, attracting youth.
Francesca Bleeker Assessment Item Two: Religious Education The Church has a problem, attracting youth. The Church needs youth to keep the Mass going, because as the old get older, the young get less interested. Churches in Canberra are already taking action to attract young people. There are youth groups that hold concerts, parties and get togethers so that people of the same age group can meet and relate to each other. The youth of today has not been brought up in a Church based community as the Generations before them had been. Young people have less knowledge of the history and meanings of Church, Mass and the Bible. This makes it hard for a teenager to sit though a Mass. Children that have been brought up in a Church going family generally have bad memories of being dragged into a Church and having to sit for what seems like hours on end listening to the Father preach. If younger children were taught to understand the meanings of what each part of Mass stood for a greater respect for the Church would be found. The time that Mass takes up is valuable, to both teens and the parents who have to take them. Mass is often a very long process and working parents cannot spare what precious time they have to spend upwards of an hour in Church. Some Parishes in Canberra have taken this into account and provide different times, days and lengths of Masses to provide for all
To what extent was Luther pushed by his Catholic opponents into the extreme position he adopted in 1521?
To what extent was Luther pushed by his Catholic opponents into the extreme position he adopted in 1521? Until 1517 Luther had shown no inclination towards a rebellion with the papacy but was in fact rather humble towards the authority of the Pope and respected him greatly. The purpose of Luther's 95 theses of 1517 was to bring to the Pope's attention the abuses being committed in his name thinking that the Pope, Leo X, did not know of the dealings of his clergy. This rather naive belief in the purity of the Pope shows just how much Luther respected his authority in 1517. But this was all to change due to the events that take place between 1517 and 1521, ending with Luther calling the Pope an Antichrist, dismissing the Pope's assumed role as God's representative on Earth and completely breaking away from the Church. Such an extreme attitude meant that he was easily identifiable in those times as a heretic and so liable to be put to death and yet Luther would not recant being so convinced that his position was the right one in God's eyes. From this we are able to see the differences in the Luther of 1517 and of 1521, but what were the events and who were the people that played a part in effecting such a dramatic change in the Augustinian monk? Even though the Pope was not Luther's initial target or enemy he does become his biggest opponent since it was the Pope controlling
Using all the Evidence available what can be learned about medieval Saffron Walden up to 1500
H/W Sunday 17th October 2004 Using all the Evidence available what can be learned About medieval Saffron Walden up to 1500 We have used a mixture of both written and visual evidence from a combination of sources so as to find out different things about Saffron Walden. Such as whether or not it was an important town, how wealthy it if the people living in Saffron Walden were very religious. Using all the evidence available to us we can work out that in medieval times Saffron Walden used to grow a lot of saffron. The sources available also suggest that the saffron was very important to the town. An extract from Holinshed's Chronicles says, 'as the saffron of England is the most excellent of all other, that which groweth about Saffron Walden, on the edge of Essex, surmouteth all the rest'. This then tell us that the saffron grown in Saffron Walden was the best in all of England. We cannot tell whether or not the writer is being biased but we presume that he isn't seeing as he has no connection to the town. Then on the other hand he might also be relying on rumours about the town. Another source which is from the Saffron Crocus says, 'There are many references to dyeworks in the 'Chepying Walden Court Rolls 1381-1420' and this may indicate the use of saffron in his period,
Explain how a married couple could be assisted in their marriage by the words, readings and actions of their wedding.
Explain how a married couple could be assisted in their marriage by the words, readings and actions of their wedding There are many traditions in the marriage ceremony that have significance and can help the couple in their marriage. There are three main sections in the marriage the words, readings and actions these can assist the couple. The greeting is when the priest greets the couple and the congregation. This shows that the couple is being accepted into the community by friends and family but most importantly by the church. The priest represents the church and he is showing that the church accepts them and will offer them guidance and support through the marriage. The homily is when the priest will explain the gospel reading the reading will most properly be about marriage. He will then talk about modern marriage and what is expected of them. Which is the marriage to be permanent, exclusive and fruitful. He will explain how the wedding is the start of the rest of the marriage. This will assist them by knowing that the church is always there for them if they need help and remind them of the teachings on marriage. The three questions come next. The three questions refer back to the three main Christian teachings about marriage exclusive, fruitful and permanent. This shows the couples willing to get married. These will assist them by knowing what they have to do in
In my coursework I am going to describe the Central Mosque in London. I will describe the main features of the mosque, the role and function of an imam and the role and function of the mosque in the Muslim community.
A PLACE OF MUSLIM WORSHIP In my coursework I am going to describe the Central Mosque in London. I will describe the main features of the mosque, the role and function of an imam and the role and function of the mosque in the Muslim community. The main external features of any mosque are the Dome and the Minaret. The dome is a very important feature as a mosque is recognised by the dome. In hot countries the Dome allows the air to circulate. Islam comes from the Middle East, where the climate is very hot. The Minaret is a tall tower. In Muslim countries the call to prayer five times a day comes from the top of the Minaret. A man called the muezzin would climb the tower each time five times a day to give the prayer call. The prayer call is to remind people when it is time to pray. There are also many internal features in a mosque. I am now going to describe some of the important features. The most important part of any mosque is the prayer hall because a mosque is a place where you pray and you do this in the prayer hall. When some visitors come to visit a mosque they fell a bit disappointed because when they see the prayer hall it is a big room or hall where there is nothing really to see such as any pictures or furniture. The word masjid (mosque) means 'place of prostration'. The large space in the prayer hall is for the men to gather for prayer. In some mosques or
What can we learn about the role of the Church in England from the Norman Conquest to the Reformation by a study of the Priory?
What can we learn about the role of the Church in England from the Norman Conquest to the Reformation by a study of the Priory? Christchurch Priory is situated on the south coast of Dorset. The area was previously known as Twynham, meaning 'between two rivers' due to its situation at the head of a bay formed by the confluence of the Rivers Stour and Avon. The rivers alone gave reason for the priory to be built here. The area was fertile, benefiting from the alluvial plain, and the land was flat making it suitable for both arable and pastoral farming. Also, the rivers provided a route for communication, a fresh water supply and a natural power supply for a mill. The origins of the priory are not definite, as there had been a Church at Twynham from a very early time. We know that the Church was first built in Saxon times because there is a south-side window, which suggests it was built in the seventh century: Small rounded early design. The Saxon built their settlement here because the rivers Avon and Stour were useful for trade and transport. Also the site provided security with its old Norman castle. Further proof of the church being built in Saxon times is that it was mentioned in the Doomsday book in 1086: 'A Priory at Twynham during the reign of Edward the confessor (1042-66)' Norman times William I appointed Flambard to re-build and improve the Priory. The
'The factors that led to Luther's reform of the GermanChurchwere not exclusive; the abuses were to be found within the Church in Europe.'Outline the main reasons which led to believe why the Church was in need of reform throughout Europe.
'The factors that led to Luther's reform of the German Church were not exclusive; the abuses were to be found within the Church in Europe.' Outline the main reasons which led to believe why the Church was in need of reform throughout Europe. It is fair to say there were numerous reasons suggesting why the Church was in need of reform on a wide-scale degree throughout Europe during Luther's time. Apart from centralised abuses in Rome, concerning the Pope or other members of the higher clergy using their considerable political and spiritual power to their own ends instead of for the good of the Church they claimed to represent. There was corruption at the very grass-roots of religion, at local level churches, where simony, nepotism, and other corrupt practices moved the focus of the Church and its ministers away from the spiritual health of its people and towards a more materialistic view. Also the very representative of the Church in local areas, the priest, was often uneducated in faith, leading the people in a misguided manner until it was on the brink of collapse. Martin Luther, a German, Augustinian monk, recognised many of these failings, and finally stood up against them, this led to the movement known today as the reformation, which called for the change and reform of the malpractices in the Catholic Church. The main point that Martin Luther wished to speak out upon