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Size of Particle (surface area) – If a solid reactant is broken up increasing surface area so the more area for successful collisions.
Plan
In this experiment I am going to investigate what affects the rate of reaction between sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid. I will measure the rate of reaction by the time taken for the liquid to turn cloudy. This is called precipitation when the product of the precipitate makes the solution cloudy. So by observing the cross through the solution, to see how long it takes for it to become obscured, I will be able to measure the speed of the reaction.
Apparatus
- 500ml Beaker
- Stopwatch-- So I can accurately time the rate of a reaction to 1/100th of a second.
- Measuring Cylinder-with accurate scale, there needs to be two different cylinders because if you measure both of the solutions in the same cylinder it might contaminate it.
What will I keep constant?
- The volume of sodium thiosulphate
- Use the same 250ml beaker
What I will vary?
- I will vary the concentration of hydrochloric acid. (by adding the correct amount of water, stated below.
What I will measure?
I will measure the time taken for Hydrochloric acid and sodium thiosulphate to become opaque. I know this when the black cross which will be drawn on a piece of paper, will no longer be visible. I will take the results in seconds and then calculate the average time for the reaction to happen.
Method
- On a plain piece of paper draw a black cross.
- Then place the beaker on top of it.
- Measure 25ml of hydrochloric acid into the measuring cylinder.
- Add the 25ml hydrochloric acid to the sodium thiosulphate.
- Start the stop clock when both the hydrochloric acid and sodium thiosulphate have been poured into the beaker.
- When the cross is no longer visible stop the stop clock.
7. Wash the beaker thoroughly and repeat steps 2-5 another two times.
8. Repeat steps 2-6 with different with different hydrochloric acid molar strengths :
Results Table
Fair Test
- I will use separate measuring cylinders for both chemicals so I don’t contaminate either of them until I’m ready to time the reaction.
- I will not use a catalyst in the experiment.
- I will not increase the temperature of the liquids, and the area which I shall be working in will be kept constant at room temperature (22 degrees).
Results Table
Analysis/Conclusion
Referring to graph A, which shows that the concentration of acid increases the rate of reaction, which means my conclusion, agrees with my prediction.
E.g. when the acid was 50ml and the sodium thiosulphate 50 ml the average time was 34 seconds for the full reaction to take place.
When the acid was 30ml and the sodium thiosulphate was 50ml the average time taken was 38 seconds.
Looking at graph A you can see that there is a positive correlation between the concentration of hydrochloric acid and the reaction rate.
When hydrochloric acid and thiosulphate react together the sulphur is stronger of the two. This means that as the reaction goes on the solution becomes yellow and will change from being transparent to translucent to opaque. The more concentrated the acid the more particles there are which means the more collisions.
I can finally conclude that as molar strength of hydrochloric acid is increased so is time taken.
Evaluation
The results supported my predictions and they seem to be fairly reliable and accurate, as there weren’t any anomalous points. If I were to repeat this experiment I think that I could improve my results even more by
- I don’t think there was a large enough range of results taken so I would increase the number of experiments another twice for each category
- Repeat experiment but with a different person to judge when the reaction has finished.
- Make sure apparatus and equipment is washed thoroughly.
- Make sure not to contaminate either chemicals.