Therefore in this production the high temperatures favour the reverse reaction. According to the le chateliers principle, the lower temperature is favored. Therefore resulting in the moving of the equilibrium to the left because of high temperature, resulting in a lower yield of ammonia so this reaction is ENDOTHERMIC because the heat is absorbed from surroundings, so the process is dynamic system. It is steady state the rate of inputs is equal to rates of output. When the pressure increases the equilibrium moves to the right, this side has fewer gas molecules. There are 4 gas moles in the right hand side where as there are 2 in the left hand side. Increasing in pressure means the system reduces the pressure reducing the effect of the change.
Catalyst: a catalyst is a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without getting involved in the reaction itself. The catalyst lowers the activation energy for the reaction so more particles will have the minimum amount of energy required to form products so the reaction rate increases and does not effect the position of the equilibrium. In industrial practice, the iron catalyst is prepared by exposing a mass of , an iron oxide, to the hot hydrogen feedstock. This reduces some of the magnetite to metallic iron, removing in the process However, the catalyst maintains most of its bulk volume during the reduction, and so the result is a highly porous material whose large surface area aids its effectiveness as a catalyst.
The industrial conditions for producing ammonia the temperature must be 450ºC to 500ºC. The forward reaction (to form ammonia) is exothermic (it gives out heat).
If we remove heat as a product (cooling the reaction down) will result in the equilibrium mixture making richer ammonia. Since we want ammonia from the Haber process, we need to conduct the reaction to 450c because all reactions go faster if the temperature is raised.
The reversible reactions, such as the Haber process, making the temperature higher will make the equilibrium mixture much more richer in nitrogen and hydrogen, this occurs because forming these form ammonia takes heat in. but if we COOL the reaction down the proportion of ammonia will increase but the rate of production will decrease because the temperature is lower. Ammonia is usually produced at the atmospheric pressure of 100 atm because it is too expensive to make a high-pressure chemical plant. Running the reaction at 200 atm is the highest pressure with the greatest return value.
When we use a reversible reaction, the catalyst increases the rate of both forward and backward reaction. Not just 1 of the reactions. The catalyst causes the reaction mixture to reach its equilibrium composition more quickly. Catalysts are used to provide alternative route for reaction.
This gives more energy increasing the collision frequency providing more chances of reaction this increases the rate of reaction which lowers the activation energy instead of taking long for reaction it is now quicker.
The benefits of using a nitrogenous fertilizers is obvious because the crops grow taller, and are healthier therefore yielding a higher crop and therefore cheaper, more plentiful food. Cheaper food is a basic necessity for humans this is one of the major advantages of fertilisers.
Environmental issues
In this process there are always disadvantages. Occur after applying the fertilizer and when it rains too much it rains it gets into the steams or rivers and pollutes them. In the rivers, the fertilizer does the same as it would on land, the river plants grow and algae grow rapidly because of the abundant food supply. Bacteria feed on the dead plant material use up the oxygen in the water. Therefore resulting in lack of oxygen for the all the living sea creatures which will make them die. This process is however good in terms but its disadvantages has a big effect to our environment. Also pollution of water occurs which is a major concern to all human beings.
