Teenage Suicide in the United States

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                Huzmeli

Aylin Huzmeli

Mr.Ernest

Composition and Literature

8th February 2010

Teenage Suicide in the United States

Suicide. You’ve heard those hushed whispers about it, you’ve read about it, you’ve watched it on the news or movies, you might have even thought or attempted it. There is no end to the supply of suicide stories floating around. Though every suicide story is sad, daunting, and unique, choosing just one to mention would be a disgrace, shame, and disrespect to every other suicide completed. Any person’s life can be described as a book. There is a beginning, middle, and an end. For some, the beginning and middle are too sad and complex to deal with that they no longer wish to continue reading the book. So they close the book for eternity, and never reach the end of what could have been a wonderful ending. This is the simple complexity of suicide. It is killing oneself to escape from unhappiness. However, that closing of a book is even more horrific when it involves a teenager, for their life has barely just begun. They have so many pages in their books to turn with their young hands. Once they close their book, it is the end. There are many teenagers attempting and committing suicide in the U.S. all for various reasons which is very sad considering they are so young and never experience the full extent of their life.

There are numerous topics to explore regarding suicide, all which are important in order to better understand teenage suicide in the U.S. There is a fascinating history of teenage suicide in the U.S. that has been surviving a whole cycle of increases and decreases from 1950 and 2006. Also comparing suicide rates in Europe and East Asia to those of the U.S helps better understand teenage suicide in the U.S. because of the differences in history and culture of these continents. Suicide amongst teenagers also affects a wide range of groups in different ways such as in boys and girls, Native Americans, Hispanics, and gays, lesbians, bisexuals, and transgender. However, there are many various reasons as to why teenagers do attempt suicide mental disorders, emotional, environmental, and even biological factors. Even though there are many reasons teenagers attempt suicide, it can still be prevented if issues such as mental disorders are treated, and having close members aware of changes that could lead to suicide ideation, and preventing the availability of certain dangerous substances. Suicide is one of the most depressing worldwide issues that should not be underestimated.

The following pieces discuss the history of teenage suicide in the U.S beginning with the 1950s to 2006. This long period has upheld many changes of increases and decrease in the rates of teenage suicide in the U.S all due to various reasons.

History of Teenage Suicide in the U.S.

There have been many changes to the rate of teenage suicide in the U.S. from the 1950s to 2006. There have been a cycle of dramatic increase and decreases over this time period due to assorted reasons. However, these ups and downs are the components of what makes the history of teenage suicide so interesting. If a books plot is like a straight line without bumps or challenges, the end of the book can be rather tedious and boring. Though, a book with curves in its plot is all the more interesting and makes the ending anticipating and worthwhile. So even though an increase of suicide rates is bad, the decreases in the rates that are seen over time capture so much more importance and optimism to the end, which is hopefully a happy one.

The rates of suicides of youths between the ages of 15-19 during the 1950s and 1990s increased. This period of time was quite fascinating regarding teenage suicide. During 1950 the rate of teenage suicide was just 2.7 per 100,000 (Caruso). However, those rates increased in 1960 to 3.6 per 100,000 and yet again in 1970 with a rate of 5.9 (Caruso). Another shocking matter was the rate of males between the mid 1950s and late 1970s that had tripled from 6.3 per 100,000 in 1955 to 21.3 in 1977. Though the rates of females had just doubled during this period from 2.0 to 5.2 (“Facts & Figures”). Unbelievingly, there was an increase in the late 70s and early 80s. Also, there was an increase of 300% between the 1950s and 1980s from 2.7 to 8.5 per 100,000 (“Brief”). However, high rates did not stop there, they increased even further in 1990 to 11.1 per 100,000 (Caruso). There was even an increase of 81% of suicides by firearms from 1980 to 1992 (“Brief”). A survey by the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention has questions 12,000 high school students in 1990. 28% has seriously considered suicide in the previous year, while 16% had even made specific plans, and 8% had also attempted suicide (Cal. Ass.). There are disputes as to why there was such a dramatic increase in teenage suicide rates between 1950 and 1990. There are many reasons such as “social rationales like higher divorce rates” (“Brief”). However, according to Dr. Alexander E. Crosby of the Center of Disease Control, there might not have been an increase of teenage suicide attempts, but rather an increase of more lethal methods that made suicide more successful (“Brief”). Though this was a long strained period for the suicide of teenagers, they did decrease soon afterwards.  

        Even though the rates in 1990 were very high, they decreased from that year to 2003.  From 1950 to 1990 the rates of teenagers between the ages of 15 and 19 had increase by 300%. Then, from 1990 to 2003 they had decreased by 35% (Shain). In 1999, another survey was conducted by the Teen Suicide Prevention, which found that only 19.3% of high school students seriously considered attempting suicide, which is a magnificent decrease compared to the other survey (“Teen Suicide Prevention”). Also, 14.5% has made plans, followed by 8.3% who had attempted suicide the previous year (“Teen Suicide”). By 1995 there was a slight decrease of 10.3 suicides per 100,000 (Caruso). However, during 2000 and 2003 the rates began to level off. The year 2000 held a rate of 8.0, followed by a slight decrease in 2001 with 7.9, then 7.4 in 2002 and finally in 2003 with 7.3 per 100,000 (Caruso).However, the true numbers of suicide deaths and attempts may be higher since many are hidden and might not be reported (Shain). Though, it was estimated in 2000 by the National Institute of Mental Health, that for every teen suicide death, there are 10 other teen suicides attempted (“Teen suicide Statistics”). There are yet again many various reasons as to this wonderful steady decrease in teenage suicide, though some are unknown. However the economy might have influenced the rates. The economy of the U.S had been thriving during the 1990s with lower unemployment rates. So, youths had a lower chance of risk of unemployment, and less stress since their parents would also be working (McKeown et al.). Also after the 1990s there was an increase in psychoactive substances used by adolescents which decreased suicide ideation.  Though, good things do come to an end, which is what happened to teenage suicide rates after 2003.

Unfortunately, rates after 2003 did increase astonishingly, more so than expected. In 2004 there were actually 326 more suicides expected and 292 more in 2005."This is significant, because pediatric suicide rates in America had been declining steadily for a decade until 2004, when the suicide rate among U.S. youth younger than 20 years of age increased by 18 percent, the largest single-year increase in the past 15 years," Jeff Bridge, an investigator in the Center for Innovation in Pediatric Practice from Nationwide Children's Hospital in Columbus, Ohio, said.  Suicide rates of boys between the ages of 15-19 had rose 9% in 2004, and girls by an astounding 32% (“Rate Soars”). Also, by 2004 the most common method of suicide was by hanging and suffocation instead of firearms (Nordqvist). These changes might have been due to the fact that hanging and suffocation are easily available compared to other methods according to Dr. Ileana Arias, director of CDC's National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. Even though there was an increase of rates in 2004, suicide rates did slightly decrease, although not as much as expected.

However, by the year 2005, suicide had become the 3rd leading cause of death for teenagers (“Suicide US”). For adolescents between the ages of 15-24 in 2005 the rate was 10.0 per 100,000, while in 2004 it was 10.4 (Caruso). The primary reason for these dramatic numbers is due to the reluctance of doctors during this period to prescribe antidepressant medication after a public health advisory that was issued by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in October 2003. It warned people that teens taking the antidepressant SSRI or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors had an increased risk of suicide attempts of ideation. The report actually caused a 20% decline in the drug use (“Rate Soars”). However, this is not the only factor, since lives of children during the 21st century seem to have become even harder. There is more pressure, more parents are stressed due to the economy, there is an increase in drug and alcohol, teen pregnancy, and there is much more negativity from the media. Richard Lieberman, the coordinator of the suicide prevention program in the L.A. Public School System noted in an : "There's a lot of pressure in and around middle school kids. They're kind of all transition kids. They're turbulent times to begin with . . . The hotline's been ringing off the hook with middle school kids experimenting with a wide variety of self-injurious behavior, exploring different ways to hurt themselves" (“Rate Soars”).

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Fortunately, there a greater decrease in teenage suicide rates in 2006 of 8.2 per 100,000 (“Suicide US”). The reason being that there is an increase in awareness of this issue, more mental health resources, and an increase use of anti-depressants and mood-stabilizing medications (Pyle, et al.). There is even more effort and awareness of the federal government into research and spreading prevention programs. Previous programs put more importance into making the public aware and actually telling them importance information. Though, there was no emphasis onto actually working and preventing suicide, or even what may be harmful. Now, there is more ...

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