How are consumerist ideals represented through the pop art works of Richard Hamilton, Claes Oldenburg, and Andy Warhol?
How are consumerist ideals represented through the pop art works of Richard Hamilton, Claes Oldenburg, and Andy Warhol? The Pop Art movement is renowned for its portrayal of consumerist ideals within artists' work. The Pop Art movement itself can be said to be split into two divisions of intellectual notions, these being: did the movement emerge in New York in the 1960's with the likes of Andy Warhol's paintings along with his rivals? Or did it begin in England, with the works of Richard Hamilton, who supposedly established the movement in 1956 with his abstract pieces? Richard Hamilton is also argued to be the founder, as he was the first artist to achieve a broad and vast popular praise, thus turning him into an iconic artist. Well, whoever was responsible for the movement, no one could have predicted it to have evolved to the extent that it did, developing and merging bulk produced popular imagery (whether it is food products or celebrities etc.) with that of fine art, which in turn, communicated consumerist ideals. This essay will look at this notion through the works of Richard Hamilton, Claes Oldenburg, and Andy Warhol. It will argue that Pop Art signified and embodied the ideals of a consumerist society by using methods such as repetition of images, using objects sold and produced in bulk, along with the adjustment of scales, materials and shape within their work,
Considering the ways in which feminist interventions in art history have developed our understanding of the genres of portraiture and history painting.
Neil Young Considering the ways in which feminist interventions in art history have developed our understanding of the genres of portraiture and history painting. Our understanding of the genres of portraiture and history painting is, I will show, greatly enhanced by feminist interventions in art history. From feminist writers, such as Linda Nochlin and Griselda Pollock, we gain pathways into examining the history of art in a much greater and all-encompassing depth. I will consider here the kinds of interventions feminists to the development of our understanding of art. However, it is notable that female artists from the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries were in no sense 'feminists', and any interventions they made must be related to the social, cultural and aesthetic ideals of the time; the kind of methods the later feminist movement provided. I will, then, consider for the most part of this essay the issues of gender, in relation to the genres of portraiture and history painting, that are relevant throughout the sixteenth, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and are instrumental influence in the development of portraiture and history painting. At the beginning of the sixteenth century certain structures were beginning to form that recognised particular standards of artistic practices. Strict rules were developing over how the genres were to be practised (following, King
The 20th century has seen a huge upsurge in the importance placed by Western society on physical beauty, particularly for women.
The 20th century has seen a huge upsurge in the importance placed by Western society on physical beauty, particularly for women. The fashion, cosmetics and plastic surgery industries have thrived on 20th century preoccupation with physical appearance. It is a preoccupation that affects women in every sphere, whether they choose to pander to it or not. This essay examines female beauty in the 20th century in terms of popular culture, in particular fashion, cinema and advertising. before exploring these areas, I intend to deal briefly with basic definitions of beauty. The main body of the essay will then be concerned with an overview of each decade's particular take in female beauty. According to Kant, the judgement of beauty is different from cognitive or moral judgement because it is effected subjectively, that is, exclusively in reference to the person making the judgement. For a judgement to be truly "aesthetic", rather than merely idiosyncratic, the person making the judgement must be adamant that their opinion be consensus. "A person who describes something as beautiful insists that everyone ought to give the object in question his approval and follow suit." Plato, one of the earliest philosophers to concern himself with beauty, defined it as a "property intrinsic in objects" which could be measured in "purity, integrity, harmony and perfection." Definitions of beauty
Antislavery, Humanity, and the Notion of Rights: Social Developments in Response to The Atlantic Slave Trade.
Antislavery, Humanity, and the Notion of Rights: Social Developments in Response to The Atlantic Slave Trade. Leuvis Manuel Olivero Prof. Dario Euraque Human Rights in Latin América May 5, 2005 Racial differences made it easier to justify and rationalize Negro slavery, to exact the mechanical obedience of a plough-ox or a cart-horse, to demand that resignation and that complete moral and intellectual subjection which alone make slave labor possible. 1 Arguably one of the darkest moments in human history, the Trans-Atlantic Slave trade has left a mark on our society that is clearly visible more than 300 years after its introduction. Though slavery, as a systematic economic system that used human labor as its crux, was in place centuries before Columbus made his journey to the Americas, along with the laws that helped govern the system, it was the Trans-Atlantic slave trade, which began in the early 16th century that clearly left a lasting legacy in all facets of contemporary life. The remnants of this period in time are unfortunately still visible today as human slavery hasn't "ended," it has just become cleverly hidden behind the façade of economic development, and it is no longer based on purported racial inequalities, as anyone who is physically capable can be placed into modern "slavery." The extent to which slavery has affected modern society goes far
John Bergers Book 'Ways of Seeing' concludes with the words "to be continued by the reader". Evaluate some of his ideas which you found interesting and persuasive then accept his invitation to continue
Agnieszka Lovell John Bergers Book 'Ways of Seeing' concludes with the words "to be continued by the reader". Evaluate some of his ideas which you found interesting and persuasive then accept his invitation to continue The book 'Ways of Seeing' has been written by five people, led by John Berger, whose aim is to "raise questions". There are several essays in the book, some pictorial some a combination of text and images. The way the book and the essays are set out is very important to their impact and message. The form of the essays is as fundamental as the meaning of the text and images themselves. Based on the BBC television series of the same title, this book explores the historical development of oil painting and publicity and the ways our perceptions of works of art and of advertising are "mystified", obscuring the political and economic agendas that underlie their production. Each essay covers several different issues from relationships and effect of images and spectators to the issue of power relations. The book covers many topics and the images are taken from various media forms, from world-wide advertising to historical and famous paintings. The essays are meant to be a starting point for the reader to start his or her own "process of questioning". Berger writes with persuasive certainty, this is a major aspect of his style. My response to his ideas has been to
Women Workers in World War One and Their Changing Roles
Women Workers in World War One and Their Changing Roles. Jennie Randolph Churchill wrote in her book Women's War Work, 'It is one of the virtues of war that it puts the light which in peacetime is hid under a bushel in such prominence that all can see it'.1 The aftermath of World War One left many people trying to justify so much destruction and death and one such rationalization is that the war helped to bring women's capabilities and contribution to light. There was a shift away from traditional women's roles for a brief period of time by women workers in World War One. In order to understand how the First World War affected women's work one must be familiar with traditional pre-war women's work and the suffrage movement. This enables one to analyze the unemployment period at the beginning of the war and the replacement period that followed. Upon doing so one may question how big of a change the Second World War had on women's lives and examine the long term postwar changes. It is important to understand the type of work thought suitable for women before the outbreak of the First World War. The Victorian era and the Industrial Revolution influenced the feelings and ideas surrounding proper 'women's roles' in society. A powerful middle class emerged in the Victorian era that set the standards of proper behaviour for men and women. During this time theories
Virtual Culture: Gaming and Simulation
. INTRODUCTION: Popular culture is ever-increasing, not only in its own populace but in its amount of sub-cultures that allow individuals to partake in it. Popular culture has its tentacles in various fields of human activity and transgression. This includes a whole number of public spheres like fashion, music, film, sport etc. In the last two decades the number of fields grew larger as technology developed and created more and more possibilities for us. This is significant because of the fact that many of these possibilities that we now accept as being 'normal' were at a stage in history seen as being improbable or even impossible. The focus here is not on popular culture but on different cultures that shape popular culture and also moves back and forth within its indistinguishable boundaries. Within this webpage I will refer to various notions like visual culture, virtual culture, gaming culture and the internet as a paradoxical international community. The main purpose of this webpage is to appropriate the gaming culture or the topic of gaming within the realms of virtual culture in a larger sense. I will also be using Will Wright and his work to sustain a purposeful argument. 2. VISUAL AND VIRTUAL CULTURE: 2.1 VISUAL CULTURE: Before I can continue my argument I first have to clarify the sense in which I mean to incorporate the notions of both, visual and virtual
Feminism in Ireland has had to contend with a set of issues that are specific to the Irish experience. Discuss.
Feminism in Ireland has had to contend with a set of issues that are specific to the Irish experience. Discuss. It is often said now, that Ireland is a "modern European state". Men and women are legally equal; through European equality legislation this must be the case. However, Ireland's history has had quite a bleak story to tell about women. In this essay, that history will be traced. The struggle women undertook in order to be allowed to vote, the female war for independence alongside the more publicised male effort and the constitutional frailties that still exist will all be described in the essay. The contemporary women's movement will also be discussed, taking in issues such as contraception, divorce, abortion and working rights, which preoccupied women in post-revolutionary Ireland. These problems, although prominent in all Western countries at the time, had particular relevance for Irish women and in many cases were far harder to overcome. Although the "modern state" Ireland is now has equality on the face, women still struggle in daily life with issues such as the male domination of many industries, the persistence of sexual stereotyping and the lack of progress on matters such as abortion and child care. This essay attempts to describe the development of the feminist movement in Ireland and discuss the peculiarities of the movement as opposed to those in other
Discuss the impact of scientific discovery and research on the ideas/work of an artist of my choice.
PART 1 Qu. 4 14/12/01 Ollie johnson SYMBOLISM: Discuss the impact of scientific discovery and research on the ideas/work of an artist of my choice. There is little doubt that Impressionism is the best known, yet paradoxically the least understood movement in the history of art. It was first founded by a group by the name of the 'Anonymous Society of Artists' in 1874. In various coalitions it mounted eight group exhibitions between this year and 1886. Included as core members were celebrated masters such as Monet, Pissaro et al. However, many other artists were also associated with this groundbreaking movement to varying degrees, one such being the likes of Georges Seurat (1859-1891). Despite this movement being acceptable as an historical description, its definition has no real aesthetic style or character. Seurat, however soon became a pioneer of his own distinctive mode of Impressionism, that which developed as Neo-Impressionism or Scientific Impressionism as preferred by its practitioners. Its roots were firmly grounded in the fusion of light theory and artificial pictorial construction to become the first successfully independent art movement after impressionism. Although, sadly being a relatively short lived movement, its members helped found the 'Societie des Artistes Independants', in 1884.The allure of their new technique was centred around
The Neo-Gothic Revival in modern photography. The intention of this essay is to define my own work and place it within a critical context. I will be looking at art history and how it has helped to shape and define modern media.
Neo- Gothic Revival The intention of this essay is to define my own work and place it within a critical context. I will be looking at art history and how it has helped to shape and define modern media. Art history will always be a source of inspiration for artists all over the world. This essay will be focusing on the Gothic style and its influences over the centuries on architecture to literature and film to fashion. I will be looking into styles that have been associated with the gothic and investigate the differences and similarities; I will also incorporate other theories and apply this to my own work. The Gothic style, mainly in architecture, developed in the mid 12th Century, following the Romanesque period, spreading to all of Western Europe and continued to evolve until the late 15th century. The original term 'Goth' was given to an Eastern Germanic tribe, who had a major part to play in the downfall of the Western Roman Empire around AD 300-600. They were considered as barbaric and, as this new style of medieval architecture went against all forms of 'Classic' art at the time, it was seen as unrefined and so the term Gothic was initially used as a synonym for barbaric. Georgio Vasari, Italian painter, writer, historian and architect, referred to it as a "monstrous and barbarous disorder"1. However it became increasingly popular. Characteristics of Gothic