Medical Law Essay
Medical Law Essay An immediate response to such a question would be that it is undeniably the responsibility of any modern state authority to provide healthcare to its citizens. This right could perhaps be regarded as one of the basic rights any member of a state is entitled to. As a result of their citizenship, they may call upon the state authorities to take up any required duties regarding their health. However, such assumptions raise some pertinent questions. Firstly, in this country, the state authority responsible for our health is the National Health Service (NHS). What can we as citizens of this country reasonably expect from them? How much healthcare are we entitled to, and what are their exact duties to provide us with it? For example, does the NHS have a duty to provide us with the absolute best care, or just the minimum? More importantly, how much of any comprehensive and free healthcare service is our legal right and therefore legally enforceable by the courts? In order to answer this question, it is necessary to discuss what are the rights held by the people regarding their healthcare. Such an idea extends from the notion that the state has some moral obligations to its citizens. Human rights provide the basic standards upon which law is constructed. The UN Declaration of Human Rights article 25, says that "..everyone has the right to a standard of living
Theatre in Prison: The inherent Hurdles.
Theatre in Prison: The inherent Hurdles. "In Brazil, there is still capital punishment; we kill instalments, not the full man, we kill part of his life, corresponding to his sentence. We kill a man from eighteen to thirty."1 In order to sufficiently question the acceptance and effectiveness of Boal's cultural projects within the Brazilian penal system it is firstly vital to understand the fundamental degrading and inhuman conditions that they must contend with. The necessary evaluation of the Brazilian criminal justice system is problematical due to a lack of national contemporary research and information technology that is capable of unifying details on the subjectivity of the entire judicial process. The deficiency in trustworthy data consequently restricted my investigation solely to four internationally established research bodies whose analysis focuses on the state of neglect by and failures of public prosecution offices and the Judiciary leave both the physical and political conditions of the prison system itself. The collection of statistical reformatory information that follows is based on 'victimisation'2 and 'prison conditions' research undertaken by the UN, Ministry of Justice, Amnesty International, the British Council3 and the International Body for Prison Studies. I have created graphic representations to contextualise the information provided within a
From this I will be critically assessing the reasoning and results in two cases (that are rooted in defamation) in order to show to what extent my cases provide evidence for those who are supportive of the Human Rights Act.
GPL Written Work Assignment Spring Term Aaron Heslop Brenna Bhander Introduction "The Human Rights Act 1998 is an act to give further effect to rights and freedoms guaranteed under the European Convention on Human Rights....."1 From this I will be critically assessing the reasoning and results in two cases (that are rooted in defamation) in order to show to what extent my cases provide evidence for those who are supportive of the Human Rights Act. The cases that are to be utilised are O' Shea v MGN Ltd & Another 2 and Grobbelaar v News Group Newspapers and Another 3 They both use Article 10 from the E.C.H.R. which says (1) "everyone has the right to freedom of expression. This right shall include freedom to hold opinions and to receive and impart information and ideas without interference by public and to receive and impart information regardless of frontiers...." This has been incorporated into the Human Rights Act as Section 12 - 'freedom of expression', a supplementary provision of the act. (2) "The exercise of these freedoms, since it carries with it duties and responsibilities, may be subject to such formalities, conditions, restrictions or penalties as are prescribed by law and are necessary in a democratic society....for the protection of the reputation or rights of others...." Case 1 - O' Shea v MGN Ltd & Another Material Facts There was a publication in a
"For Tennyson, to act is vital; there is nothing to be gained by passivity." Tennyson's poem "Godiva" tells the story of a woman named Godiva who was the wife of Lord Leofric.
"For Tennyson, to act is vital; there is nothing to be gained by passivity." Tennyson's poem "Godiva" tells the story of a woman named Godiva who was the wife of Lord Leofric. Lord Leofric was a powerful man who raised the taxes on his people. Godiva went to her husband to ask him to lower the taxes, and he told her that he would lower the taxes when she rode through the town naked at midday. Godiva took him at his word and rode through the town; however, out of respect for her sacrifice the townspeople shut themselves in their houses and didn't watch her. This chosen extract starts with Godiva riding naked on her horse. Tennyson describes the scene in a way that makes Godiva seem very much alone, the rest of the village watching, even the elements around her aware of the weight of the situation: 'The deep air listen'd round her as she rode, And all the low wind hardly breathed for fear.' The air is empathetic and fears for Godiva. The people watching her stayed hidden so as not to embarrass her, and this can perhaps be seen as a passive action, however the pure assertiveness of Godiva to ride naked on her horse for anyone to see, is a very daring and courageous act. However we see that this act is a very difficult task for Godiva, not managing to escape embarrassment, '...the barking cur made her cheek flame...' In the poem we are reminded of her lack of dress, however
"Limited in impact and timid in design" how fair is this an assessment of the liberal welfare reforms, 1906-14?
"Limited in impact and timid in design" how fair is this an assessment of the liberal welfare reforms, 1906-14? Many question whether the Liberals had managed to create the foundations of a welfare state through their reforms. Definition of welfare state varies from historian to historian. Some see it as a loose collection of social, medical and educational services provided by the state. Others see it as a comprehensive attempt not only to provide welfare, but also to redistribute income thereby serving the cause of social justice. The fact is, taking either definition, the Liberals fell extremely short of the mark. They muddled through introducing changes which were modest by most standards Despite the criticisms the reforms passed had allowed for a start to be made. The Education (provision of meals) Act 1906 made sure that children too hungry and generally debilitated would increase in health, and the amount of malnourished children minimised. However this act was not the work of any preconceived liberal policy. It resulted from a private member's bill introduced by a labour MP, which the government, lacking in any concrete proposals of its own took over and adopted as government policy. This act was also permissive, and by 1911 less than a third of all education authorities were using rates to support school meals. Though this act was non-compulsory, some improvement
In 1834, the Whig government passed the Poor Law Amendment Act, which significantly changed the nature of poor relief in Britain. Broadly speaking, the Royal Commission was the main influence on the terms of this act
History Module Essay In 1834, the Whig government passed the Poor Law Amendment Act, which significantly changed the nature of poor relief in Britain. Broadly speaking, the Royal Commission was the main influence on the terms of this act, although the Whig party itself and threat of violence also played a role in defining the new law. The Royal Commission was dominated by utilitarian political economists such as Chadwick and Senior, who were subscribers to the views of economic theorists like Smith, Ricardo and Malthus. Smith was a pioneer of laissez-faire thinking, and he believed that government intervention in economic matters should be kept to a minimum, whilst Malthus warned against over-population by making the poor dependent on handouts. The main concern of the Commission had been the spiralling cost of the Poor Law. By 1831, the annual expenditure was equivalent to 80% of local rates - nearly £7 million. Chadwick in particular wanted to cut this dramatically; through increasing the efficiency of the whole system and eradicating the 'able bodied poor' from relief, he hoped to reduce the financial burden on ratepayers. These aims can be seen in the terms of the act, through the creation of the central Poor Law Board and the introduction of the idea of 'less eligibility' which would allow local authorities to reduce costs by providing poorer living conditions to
"Œnone is ultimately responsible for the tragic outcome of Phèdre." Discuss.
"Œnone is ultimately responsible for the tragic outcome of Phèdre." Discuss. Classical tragedy is drama of elevated theme and diction with an unhappy ending. It must obey the three unities of time, place and action. Tragic characters have a fatal flaw that leads to their downfall. Phèdre is an example of such a play. The drama begins close to crisis point, with Phèdre's cursed love already causing her anguish. The play's tragic outcome culminates in the death of three characters: Thésée's falsely condemned son, Hippolyte, Phèdre's nurse and confidante, Œnone, who kills herself accepting the blame for the tragedy, and Phèdre, who poisons herself as she tells Thésée that Hippolyte died an innocent man. Thésée is left with the knowledge that his hasty, hot-tempered condemnation of his son led to his unnecessary death and Thésée, Théramène and Aricie are all left with feelings of grief. A further side to the tragedy is the mythological aspect of the play. The role of the Gods, destiny and the inevitability of the tragic outcome are essential to the plot. In this context, it is questionable whether Œnone alone can take the blame for the tragic outcome of the play. Although Œnone's schemes clearly contribute directly to the dénouement of the drama, it could be argued that this is just fate taking its course. The actions of the other main characters, notably
"An essay on the 'Prisoner's Dilemma'."
"An essay on the 'Prisoner's Dilemma'." The problem of the prisoner's dilemma is an intriguing one. Elegant in it's simplicity at `first sight, on closer inspection it reveals a depth of complexity which can confound and confuse, leading observers first to one (seemingly) perfectly rational solution, and then subsequently to an equally rational and yet diametrically opposed one. In marked contrast to some of the equally well known yet more contrived paradigms (later we will consider Newcomb's Problem in which we pit our wits against some omnipotent being who apparently has the ability to predict our future behaviours) it is an instance of a paradoxical situation with which we can easily associate and as such is made all the more interesting. It is not hard to imagine oneself in the position of the prisoner deliberating as to the likely actions of his partner in crime (pun intended) whom, we can assume with some reasonable level of confidence, is likely to reason and act in the same fashion. Before analysis, let us first summarise the key points of the problem.You and I are prisoners guilty of some crime. We will be sentenced according to the following rules: `þ If I confess and you don't, I will go free whilst you will receive a ten year sentence `(and vice-versa). `þ If we both confess we will each receive a five year sentence. `þ If neither of us confess we will
Explore the Issue of Children's Rights Commissioners.
Explore the Issue of Children's Rights Commissioners. In what ways can adults best promote the welfare of children and young people? How can their rights be most effectively promoted and their best interests protected, and who is best able to decide about children's welfare, rights, and best interests? These are age-old questions, but some of the answers are new. The traditional assumption that adults -- parents, professionals and politicians -- always know best is increasingly being challenged, in two respects. The first is about knowledge, recognizing the many ways children and young people can seem invisible within research and policy making, and ensuring their voice is heard. The second is about action, ensuring that adults really do act in children's best interests. Traditional assumptions have been most powerfully challenged by cases where adults responsible for protecting children instead abuse them, within families, residential children's homes, schools, and even churches. In this essay I will be considering these issues, with particular reference to children's rights commissioners. Norway was one of first countries to recognize the need for a radical shift in the way adult society relates to its young people, at every level. In 1981 the Norwegian government established the first children's rights commissioner, more often called a children's ombudsman in Norway.
Australia's original inhabitants.
Those from the first peoples of the land and sea in Australia. We have a 200+ year history of invasion, dispossession and conflict between the original inhabitants and mainstream Australia. Non-Indigenous people are only beginning to acknowledge this. Meanwhile, Indigenouspeoplehavesurvived,adaptedandovercomedisplacement. Australia's original inhabitants, Aborigines are a minority of 386,000 mostly impoverished people in a population of 19 million. After 212 years of white settlement, Aborigines are the least-employed, least-educated, least-healthy and most-jailed segment of Australian society. The first people to emigrate to Australia were the Aborigines , who migrated from Southeast Asia over 40,000 years ago. Generally, Aborigines were a nomadic group that survived by hunting and gathering. By the time of the first stable and permanent European settlement in Australia (1788), the Aboriginal people had developed a specific and strong culture. This culture vastly differed from that of the Australians. This diversity of culture is important to fully understand the conflicts that exist in the country today. It illustrates why the situations of diversity and ethnic conflict are problems for the contemporary children of the country. During the 18th and 19th centuries there was a huge decline in the Aboriginal population due to disease, social and cultural disruptions,