Organized Crime: Political & Corporate.
Organized Crime: Political & Corporate Amanda L. Wilson CJA300 Mr. Louviere April 6, 2004 There has been a relationship between organized crime and the political and corporate world since organized crime began. These relationship has served a purpose for all and in a sense is looked upon as a normal way of "doing business". Organized crime is not likely to go away in the political and corporate world. This is a relationship that feeds off of each other for the rights to the one thing the world is searching for: money and power. The year 2002 was one of the biggest years yet for corporate scandal. Corporations were at an all time high for corruption. The fine line between organized and the corporation is being blurred. Enron was one of the big corporate players until the corruption became public in 2002. Enron was a large energy company that was caught raising profits and hiding debts that came to the total of more than $1 billion dollars. Enron was also caught bribing foreign government officials and manipulating prices and supplies in Texas. WorldCom was another huge company who inflated its reported cash flow by nearly $3.8 billion dollars. Late WorldCom was forced to file bankruptcy with over $400 billion dollars worth of debt. Other companies include Rite Aid, ImClone, and Adelphia, to name a few. (Lyman & Potter, 2004) In the political world it is no
Hong Kong: Pre-China takeover.
Hong Kong: Pre-China takeover By: Rinku E-mail: [email protected] HONG KONG PRE-CHINA TAKEOVER In a part of town, there was a carnival atmosphere. In another, a somber rally and march followed by a candlelight vigil. Its's clear that one year before China takes control, the people of Hong Kong are divided in their feelings. A period of more than 150 years of British colonial rule ends at midnight on June 30, 1997 when Hong Kong and its 6,000,000 people will be handed over to China. Despite a warning that they will not be allowed to enter China, seven elected Hong Kong officials vowed to go ahead with a trip to Beijing. They will be carrying a 50,000 signature petition protesting China's plans to replace the legislature with an appointed body. "We are afraid that our free lifestyles, the rule of law, will not be preserved after 1997", pro democracy legislator Emily Lau told the cheering, clapping crowd. Governor Chris Patten urged Hong Kong residents to standup for their freedoms. Next year's handover is predicated on a promise by China's Communist leaders to keep Hong Kong highly autonomous and Capitalist under the Slogan "One Country, two Systems". The handover to China of Hong Kong also effects China's reputation and economic stability because if China loses the prosperity and stability of Special Administrative Region (SAR), China's own credibility will be undermined.
Sentencing Juveniles. The risk assessment system would identify several risk factors that are common between juveniles. This system would go through a list and see if the juvenile would fit in for a secure facility
Secure facilities in my opinion are for serious, violent and chronic juvenile offenders, because they tend to emphasize physical security measures. Higher levels of security are required because of the special characteristics of this population, including a propensity to violence, prior offense history, greater gang involvement, and involvement with the adult corrections system. One main goal would be risk assessment. The risk assessment system would identify several risk factors that are common between juveniles. This system would go through a list and see if the juvenile would fit in for a secure facility. This first list would identify several risk factors. These factors include: 1. severity of the crime (rape, murder, aggravated assault, or weapon used), 2. severity of their most recent offense (weapon or force used), and 3. the number of offenses they committed (3 or more). I view these factors as the most important indicators for the need of secure placement. Also, there would be another list for risk factors that would explain their most recent offenses and behavior. I would call this step list two. This second list would include: 4. age at first adjudication, 5. prior out-of-home placements, 6. prior supervision behavior, prior escapes or runaways, 7. has juvenile received mental health help or substance abuse care (Taylor, 2011). This second list would be weighed
Hate crimes in this country are indeed at an all time high. According to the FBI, "a hate crime is a criminal offense motivated by bias, particularly against a given race, religion, disability, ethnicity, nationality, or sexual orientation
What to do about Hate Crimes in America Wm. Guy Harvey II Student AIU Online SOC210-0504B-02 Dale Howard November 26, 2005 What to do About Hate Crimes in America Hate crimes in this country are indeed at an all time high. According to the FBI, "a hate crime is a criminal offense motivated by bias, particularly against a given race, religion, disability, ethnicity, nationality, or sexual orientation" ("Hate Crimes," 2004). The FBI recorded some 9,730 hate crimes in 2001 from approximately 12,000 police agencies around the country. This is almost a 21% jump in reported hate crimes from 2000 ("ADL Calls for Expanded Education & Training to Address Significant Increase in Hate Crimes Reported to FBI," 2002). The majority of hate crimes committed each year is surprisingly not committed by people involved with hate groups but by individual people. The average person to commit a hate crime is someone who is said to resent a groups growing economic power. These people are said to engage in what is known as scapegoating. Others who commit hate crimes could feel a threat to there homes and/or property. Desegregation of public housing is thought to be a good example of this type of motivation. Lastly, you have what are referred to as thrill seekers and the mission offenders. Thrill seekers are the type of people randomly target random people of minority group to harass or
There is a fundamental difference between Constitutional supremacy and Parliamentary Supremacy.
NAME: KERRY CANNON ID#: 0904427 SUBJECT: LLB101 LAW AND LEGAL SYSTEMS LECTURER: MRS. MARCIA ROBINSON TIME: 9:00AM - 11:00AM (RM LT 9B) Monday 14, 2009 QUESTION: DISCUSS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CONSTITUTIONAL AND PARLIAMENTARY SUPREMACY -1- There is a fundamental difference between Constitutional supremacy and Parliamentary Supremacy. Professor King in his Hamlyn lecture defined the constitution as the set of the most important rules that regulate the relations among the different parts of the government and the people of a country. A constitution he maintained is a written statement of a state or country's constitutional rules in a document or codified form. Parliamentary Supremacy according to the Wikipedia Free Encyclopedia means a legislative body has absolute sovereignty; it is supreme to all other government institutions (including any executive or judicial bodies as they may exist). It implies that the legislative body may change or repeal any prior legislative acts. Parliamentary supremacy exists in UK, Finland, New Zealand and Israel. However, for the purpose of this paper I will be looking at Parliamentary Supremacy as it relates to the UK. It is interesting to note that constitutional documents are usually the result of some major upheaval in a nation's history. The moving force for implementing the constitution for many countries all
The Execution of Wanda Jean. Wanda Jean Allens mental defects, which included frontal lobe brain damage and mental retardation, were never discussed nor considered in her criminal murder trial of 1989.
The Execution of Wanda Jean The substantial capacity test states that “a person is not responsible for criminal conduct if at the time of such conduct as a result of mental disease or defect he lacks substantial capacity either to appreciate the criminality (wrongfulness) of his conduct or to conform his conduct to the requirement of law.”[1] Wanda Jean Allen’s mental defects, which included frontal lobe brain damage and mental retardation, were never discussed nor considered in her criminal murder trial of 1989. Guilt or innocence aside, Wanda Jean Allen was not granted due process of law. Wanda Jean shot and killed her girlfriend in 1988. She was subsequently convicted of first-degree murder and sentenced to death in 1989. Wanda Jean's access to judicial procedure was not applied fairly. To begin, Allen had many factors working against her: poverty-stricken, little access to education, black, lesbian, and a resident of Oklahoma. Oklahoma, located right smack in the center of the Bible Belt, "hated homosexuality."[2] Because Wanda Jean was considered to be "living in sin"[3], the jury that sentenced her to death likely placed very little value on her life. The law is influenced by social conditions and societal ideas. Wanda Jean's jury was anything but impartial: the all-white, Bible Belt Southerners, likely failed to relate to the black, lesbian,
Apartheid in South Africa.
APARTHEID By Jennifer Marshall Apartheid, means separateness in Afrikaans, an official language of South Africa. It was used against the Blacks in order to let the White minority rule. It meant that people were classed according to the colour of their skin, and country they came from. There were four main groups: ) Blacks which was 77% of the overall population. 2) Whites, 13% (including the Afrikaners and the English). 3) Coloured, 8% (mixed races). and 4) Asians, 2%. Nearly all of the Blacks were made to live in unacceptable, unhygienic and cramped conditions. Blacks weren't allowed to enter White neighbourhoods unless under very strict circumstances, where they were employed (doing very degrading jobs eg. Cleaning up after there bosses, doing the dirty work) by a White person. Even if they were lucky enough to get a job in a White settlement (there wasn't any or hardly any jobs in the designated areas in which the Blacks were forced to live) they would still have to live in appalling conditions with a lot of other Blacks. This means that there was a lot of Blacks in a small area, but as a percentage of employed Blacks there was a very small amount. These conditions were introduced by the South African government to make a carefree country were the Whites didn't have to worry about a Black conspiracy. But instead of this happening it caused more of a dilemma. The
The US Federal Court system.
The Federal Court system many individuals don't realize a lot about the numerous federal courts that are located nationwide. This is simply because the courts are not well known unlike the congress debates that are publicized on the T.V. These courts do not have a big impact on individual lives. The Federal Courts are responsible for numerous different things such as the hearing of certain cases that involves legal disputes as well as interpreting laws and legal rights. The Federal Court system consists of two different courts the Article III court as well as the basic court that is established under Congress. The court's that are established under Congress consist of the United States Court of Veteran's appeals, United States tax courts, bankruptcy courts, United States court of Military appeals and the Magistrate Court. The individual judges that head these courts have main contacts with the Senate and the President of the United States. The Courts of Military appeals, the tax courts as well as the court of Veterans appeals are known as the legislative court's or Article I. The Magistrate and the bankruptcy court's are attached to the district court of the United States. The Article III Courts are actually made up of the United States Supreme Court as well as the United States district courts as well as the circuit courts of appeals. The Article III courts have greater
How does this examination of the Prison Medical Service, challenge conventional ideas around the role of the Medical Service Providers in prison?
Criminology Presentation How does this examination of the Prison Medical Service, challenge conventional ideas around the role of the Medical Service Providers in prison? Introduction Prisons before the 19th Century were dreadful places. Sim, J explains how all types of people were locked up together in damp, dirty and unhygienic conditions. Prisons were overcrowded and there were no toilets or washing facilities for the prisoners who were often only in there for petty offenses and if lucky to be able to survive their sentence, end up leaving ill and unhealthy. The bad conditions caused diseases and illnesses to spread, because diet was low and food was poor, prisoners were weak and more susceptible to disease. Reform Already in the 18th Century reformers had recognized that Gaols were cruel unfair and inefficient as pointed out by Sim, J. The work of reformers such as John Howard, Sir George and Elizabeth Fry led to Sir Robert Peel to pass the Gaols Act in 1823 to encourage Gaols to be more secure, more healthy and to separate prisoners by category and gender. It wasn't until 1842 new prisons were starting to be built to enable this new act to be carried out. Prisons did not fully come under the Home Office Control until 1877 therefore conditions and medical provisions were still very poor. The conventional ideas of the Medical Service Providers in the prisons were