Questions of Authorship
First Assignment Through reference to the appropriate theoretical background and analysis of key scenes from Double Indemnity (1944), The Apartment (1960) or both, please answer ONE of the following questions: . Through an examination of Billy Wilder's work, discuss whether the writer/director should be considered the ultimate auteur. An auteur is someone who has a consistent visual style; Auteur theory was never thought of as a theory of film until Andrew Sarris translated the popular writings in Cahiers du Cinema known as 'la politique des auteurs' into 'the auteur theory', thinking that it would make it easier but it had the opposite effect.(1) Francois Truffaut, an influential film maker, defines a true film auteur as one who brings something genuinely personal to his subject instead of merely producing a tasteful, accurate but lifeless portrait of original material. The auteur transforms the material into an expression of he's own personality. (1) Billy Wilder started his career in Berlin writing film scripts and came to Hollywood in 1930s where he continued as a script writer. His first solo directed piece was The Majors and the Minor (1942) as though he was not doing enough he also moved onto producing the films that he directed to insure his artistic independence of the movie. In 1938 he formed a partnership with Charles Brackett and the pair was responsible for
The Basic - Jeff Lewis (book review)
Cultural Studies, The Basic, Second Edition by Jeff Lewis. First Published 2008 SAGE Publications Ltd, London 438 pages Price for Hbk £70.00, ISBN 978-1-4129-2229-6 Price for Pbk £23.99, ISBN 978-4129-2 The Study of Culture and the Twenty-first Century. The book we decided to study is "Cultural Studies, The Basics, Second Edition," by Jeff Lewis. The book examines assorted ways in which culture is "formed, theorised and studied." Lewis achieved this by breaking up subjects that are culturally related into numerous categories, making it simpler to understand. The book ranges from what affected change in culture years ago when Marx was a "towering figure" in society to now in the twenty-first century. "British culture eventually moves away from a Marxist based analysis of working class life towards a broader field of culture." A brief summary of what the book includes...popular figures such as Durkheim and Weber both who studied how cultural theory was developed by social action. And other scholars like Heidegger and Adorno, who both believed the moving image and consuming popular culture "transformed humans' social experience." They were correct about the transformation but never lived to witness it fully. On the issues of feminism Lewis writes about The Suffragettes, Marxist group of middle class women who argued that women's labour is exploited by capitalism. Kate
Explication By Design
Jason Niklas Explication of Design "Design", by Robert Frost, contemplates fate and the role it plays on the lives of every living thing, regardless of size. By definition, design is the purposeful or inventive arrangement of parts or details ( Webster ). The poem starts with the description of an observation made of a spider that has caught a moth on top of a flower. It then transitions to a related discussion concerning the role fate had in bringing those three objects together. "Design" is a traditional Italian, or Petrarchan, sonnet consisting of fourteen lines, starting with an octave and ending with a sestet. Frost places a volta between the octave and the sestet to introduce the change in feeling and thought that the poem takes in the sestet. This is evident by the physical white spaced gap located between the octave and the sestet. The octave is written with a regular abba rhyme scheme, and describes the observation that Frost makes about nature and the cycle of life. The sestet appears to be broken up into three couplets, representative of the three questions that Frost poses to the reader. The rhyme scheme for the couplets is ac, aa, cc, respectively. It is written in the first person point of view, Robert Frost being the speaker. The setting is sometime during the morning hours of the day. The octave describes a "dimpled spider, fat and white" ( 1 )
use of information technology in businesses.
Last decade has seen a phenomenal spurt in the field of Information Technology and no sector in corporate world including retail has been untouched. Information Technology has revolutionized the way people live and procure necessities. Therefore, in this newly emerged scenario every retailer has to keep its System up to date with new technologies to get the competitive edge in the ever-growing competition of the retail business. E - Business promises to save time and money - people with busy lifestyles do not have enough time to go and search the stores, they can use the internet, instead. Merchandise need not be locally available once procured via internet also providing more choice. For the retailer they can appeal to more customers given the colossal internet users base. The retailer can expand its business volume because of the global reach of the internet. For example since AMAZON has gone, online its popularity and business volume has grown significantly over the years. Business starts with a conceptual idea and resource input which follows demands investment, Followed by growth phase using the returns from the initial investment as the resource and considering the risk factor. Any undue risk in this phase can lead to losses and the chances of recovery from losses in this phase are very slim. Jencos, a small to medium sized supermarket chain with 10 stores based in
Stress and Counselling in the Workplace
What is Workplace Stress and how can Counselling help to reduce it? Abstract Job-related stress has a detrimental effect on both organisations and employees. This article explores the extent of these outcomes and examines the possible causes of workplace stress. Methods for reducing stress are evaluated, including occupational redesign and Employee Assistance Programmes (EAPs). This latter group is split into relaxation techniques, cognitive-behavioural approaches and multimodal interventions. Current research indicates that cognitive-behavioural approaches are the most effective form of counselling. It is suggested that combining this method with occupational redesign may help target the causes and consequences of Work-related stress. Key Words Stress, Work, Employee Assistance Programme, Counselling Introduction Stress in the workplace is a major concern, not just for organisations and employees, but also for the public in general (Health and Safety Commission, 1999). It is of such concern that in order to comply with UK law, the government's Health and Safety Executive (HSE) state that employers have a duty to assess the risk of work activities causing 'stress-related ill health' and to take appropriate control measures. In 2007/2008 approximately 13.5 million days absence were caused by work-related stress, depression or anxiety, an average of 30.6 days per
Marie De France
Marie de France's Lai "Bisclavret" "Bisclavret" is unique among Marie's lays because it is the only one of the twelve lays that concerns itself with a husband and wife falling out of love. This lay takes place during the Middle Ages in Brittany. One day after a wife notices her husband missing three days per week-multiple times, she builds up the courage to ask him the reason for that. The husband very unsure, confesses to her that he turns into a werewolf three days a week and the only thing that turns him back into a human are his clothes; which are hidden in a safe place in the forest. The wife begs to know where the clothes are hidden and for the love that they share as a couple, the husband tells her. After the husband confesses his secret, his wife begins to grow fear. She decides to take his clothes away and then decides to run away with a long lost lover; leaving her husband transformed into a werewolf- now named Bisclavret. thought the lai Marie describes the institution of Feudalism in Brittany that plays part between Bisclavret and the King's relationship which takes the story into deeper controversy. One day while hunting the King's dogs found Bisclavret in the forest. Bisclavret sees the king and begins to "Plea for Mercy" (147) showing the King his good intentions. The King takes him in and considers him as "a creature of great wonder and held him very dear"
Does evidence support the argument that children are biologically programmed to learn language?
Does evidence support the argument that children are biologically "programmed" to learn language? Developmental and psycholinguistic theorists are constantly contrasting views on how children develop and acquire language. Some theorists believe that it is purely innate, or as Pinker (1994) suggest that it is an 'instinct'. Other theorists suggests that we acquire language through imitation, or operant conditioning Skinner,1957( as cited in Radford & Govier, 1995). Social interaction also has a great influence on language acquisition. There are many theorists who believe that language is biological. As humans, we are the only species to have a communication system which is extremely complex. (Elman, 1996, cited in MacWhinney, 1999). The Biological approach suggests that language is innate, that we are born with a specific type of genome which allows us to speak. Research has been carried out investigating the relationship into language and specific genes. The research has shown that although there is no specific genome for language, the interaction between different genes help participate in the production of language (Greenspan,1995, as cited in MacWhinney , 1999.) When discussing whether or not language is derived from a biological process, it is important to understand all the factors involved. The most comprehensible approach for language development is that of the
Nazi Eugenics - what, why and how did it happen and will it ever happen again?
Nazi Eugenics - what, why and how did it happen and will it ever happen again? Eugenics is a social philosophy, advocating the improvement of human hereditary traits through intervention. The discipline first became popular amongst scientists in the late 1800s and came to a head under Hitler's rule in the 1930-40s. It developed simultaneously throughout America and Europe - especially Scandinavia and the UK - but Germany soon took it in a different direction, resulting in the horrific Holocaust of the Second World War. Deliberate misunderstanding by scientists and physicians in Germany, using Hitler's power as an excuse to potentially re-establish themselves as leaders in the scientific world, led to the sterilization of hundreds of thousands of ethnic minorities, namely Jews and Gypsies. A euthanasia law was passed to grant 'mercy killings' to those suffering from mental illness resulting in the death of 85% of all patients in mental hospitals in Germany between 1935 and 1934. Despite similar sterilization and euthanasia laws in other countries around the world, there were no other atrocities on this scale. This essay will explore the possibilities that could explain this, by investigating the background to eugenics and the programs used throughout the world during this period, comparing events in the US and the rest of Europe to Germany. Eugenics continues today - the
Lester Benchmarking
Running head: LESTER ELECTRONICS FINANCING ALTERNATIVE BENCHMARKING Lester Electronics Financing Alternative Benchmarking University of Phoenix Overall Analysis Lester Electronics Inc. (Lester) has the opportunity to merge with Shang-Wa Electronics (Shang-Wa). Lester believes that combining the efforts of these two, well established companies, it will bring financial success to all. (Scenario, 2008) In order to increase future profits, Lester's senior management team has developed new organizational strategies to move Lester through this merger with Shang-Wa but various steps must be researched before implemented. One of those steps is benchmarking that identify potential or existing issues of an organization and finding best practices to solve them. Key findings from six other companies that have faced similar issues that Lester is facing have been researched in regards to "weighted-average-cost-of-capital," "recommended financing mix to optimize capital structure," "analyzing the risks associated with investment decisions," and "recommended offers" for Lester to think about. This paper will cover key concepts in communication as well as compare and contrast best practices taken from selected companies like financial institutions CitiGroup and Wells Fargo as well industry giants like United Health Group, Kmart, Verizon and InBev, which will lead to new discoveries and
Visual Merchandising: Shop Window Displays
Visual Merchandising: Shop Window Displays The way a store displays its merchandise in their window has a distinct effect on attracting customers through the door. According to Mary Portas (1999), shop windows are the 'art of the high street.' Visual merchandising is the method of displaying products to promote a store with an aim to attracting potential customers. The brief was 'compare and contrast the shop windows from two fashion retail businesses.' This essay will focus on Topshop and Primark; these stores were chosen because they aim to attract the same age group, yet have very different price bands. An important objective is therefore to evaluate whether the obvious similarities / differences have any effect on the window displays. It was found that the Topshop window featured merchandise for both genders; whereas Primark' featured women's merchandise only - even though they sell products for men in-store. In terms of the types of each display, Topshop's female window was a promotional display for Kate Moss' new collection. The male window was a seasonal display to promote Christmas, and Primark's window appeared to be presenting an understated seasonal display, using party wear to promote the Christmas party season, and glittery background panels to add to the festivities. Primark' composition was symmetrically balanced in the mannequins with scene consistency from