The Reproductive System

What part of the system is involved in secreting seminal fluids?

The seminal vesicles and the prostate gland secrete fluids during ejaculation. These fluids are the sperm make up the semen that is released via the penis.

What is the purpose of seminal fluid?

The seminal fluids improve the mobility of the sperm, neutralize the acidity in the female reproductive tract and cause coagulation of the semen after ejaculation.

What are the ovaries, what are they suspended by and what is their function?

There are two ovaries which are suspended by ligaments in the upper pelvic cavity either side of the uterus. Their function is to produce the hormone oestrogen and progesterone and to produce ova.

What causes follicles to develop and what do they become?

Each immature ovum is encased in a sac and the whole structure is called a follicle. The follicles develop, usually one at a time, in response to the various sex hormones until they become primary follicles.

Describe the fallopian tube and its purpose.

The fallopian tubes connect the ovaries to the uterus. Each fallopian tube resembles a long, thin funnel that is wider at the ovary and narrower at the uterus. At the ovary end, the fallopian tube has finger like projections called fimbriae, these encourage the mature sperm to enter the fallopian tube. If fertilisation occurs, it usually takes place in the wider part of the fallopian tube.

Where is the uterus and how is it suspended?

The uterus is suspended by broad ligaments and is situated between the bladder and the rectum.

What happens if fertilisation occurs?

If fertilisation occurs, it usually takes place in the wider part of the fallopian tube. The fertilised ovum, now called a zygote, arrives in the uterus about 7 days after ovulation.

What happens if fertilisation does not occur?

If fertilisation does not occur, the uterus lining, which thickens in preparation for the implantation of the ovum, breaks down during menstruation.

What is the purpose of the cervix?

The cervix is a small passageway found at the bottom end of the uterus. It dilates during childbirth. The cervix opens into the vagina, which serves as a passageway for childbirth and for menstrual flow.