Civil Rights Act of 1957

AFTER World War II, the blacks believed they should get equal treatment since they worked "white jobs" during the war. In 1955, the Brown versus Board of Education case declared that blacks could go to white schools. This ruling disagreed with the "separate but equal" verdict of the Plessy versus Ferguson case and also the Jim Crow Laws that both called for segregation. Rosa Parks, the secretary of the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People), was the primary excuse for starting the movement. Once she was arrested for refusing to give up her bus seat to a white, the opportunity to get equal treatment was clear. After the Parks incident, the Montgomery Bus Boycott followed in 1955. It was a passive resistance movement led by 26 year old Martin Luther King Jr. (leader of SCLC) to bring up the idea of integration. Since the blacks made up three-quarters of the passengers of the public buses, the courts made a ruling to desegregate seating on buses. The news of the Civil Rights Act of 1957 that established a Civil Rights Commission to enforce voting rights gave African Americans hope. But, equal voting rights were not enforced until years later. Also in 1957, blacks were permitted to attend Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. Although the nine black students who actually enrolled needed federal troops to escort them to school, they at least

  • Word count: 928
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Law
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The Black Civil Rights Act

Jeffrey Mattingley 10Y The Black Civil Rights Act Explain why Emmet Till was murdered? Emmet Till was a victim of a racial motivated killing. In August 1955 Mrs Mamie Till Bradley (his mother) in need of a vacation sent her son Emmet to stay with his uncle in Mississippi. In Chicago Emmert bragged of his familiarity with white girls, he also claimed he had a white girlfriend. A few teenagers dared him to go inside and ask the young white women behind the counter for a date. According to the Jim Crow Law such a thing would be extremely forbidden due to the segregation. However Till went into the store, brought two cents worth of bubble gum from Carolyn Bryant, and said something to her, exactly what will never be known. Four days later Carolyn Bryant's husband, Roy Bryant and his half brother, J.W. Milam appeared at the home of Till's great uncle Mose Wright. Bryant and Milam demanded to see the boy. Wright begged them not to take the boy, assuring that Emmet had made an innocent mistake, but Bryant and Milam brandishing guns took the boy. Within two weeks he was found dead and beaten. Bryant and Milam were suspected of Till's murder and were arrested however both men were found subsequently not guilty of the murder. Bryant and Milam left the 65 minute trial as free men and after the trial they actually did admit to the murder of Emmet Till but a retrial never took place

  • Word count: 1389
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: History
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The Civil Rights Act of 1964, Title VII

Federal Law Report on Civil Rights Act of 1964, Title VII Derek Green Mount Vernon Nazarene University BBA 3073 Human Resource Management October 28, 2003 The Civil Rights Act of 1964, Title VII The Civil Rights Act of 1964, Title VII prohibits discrimination in employment on basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. This law was passed to effectively create a level ground for employment opportunities for all citizens. The point was to eliminate the discrimination that had mounted in the employment field. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) was created to police the actions of employers and enforce the employment requirements of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Title VII was amended in 1972 in order to directly state the exact type of employers that the law will cover. There were several criteria that were established. There are two main criteria that include the majority of employers. One is any private employer or labor union of 15 or more persons or members who work 20 or more weeks in the year. The other is all state and local governments, and public and private educational institutions are covered as well. There is an allowance for an employer to discriminate on the stated basis if the characteristic can be justified as a Bona Fide occupational qualification that is necessary to the normal operation of the particular

  • Word count: 684
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Law
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Why was the civil Rights Act of 1964 passed?

Why was the civil Rights Act of 1964 passed? The most important factor that led to the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was the March on Washington, which showed the strength of support both from the media and white Americans. Although this campaign was the most significant, the other factors and their significance cannot be overlooked as it was a combination of all factors that led to this historic legislation. The March on Washington was a significant factor in the passing of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. The 1963 March on Washington drew a crowd of over 250,000people and it showed the height of the Civil Rights Movement. The significance of the March is that it was the largest civil rights rally up to that date in the United States; it was an unprecedented integrated campaign which demanded that the government enforce the laws equally to protect all its citizens regardless of race or colour. As a result of the March King and the others met with President John F. Kennedy at the White House, which allowed them to tell the president their views and speak privately with him on the problem of segregation. This event was described as a "catalyst for Change", as Kennedy could no longer ignore the movement and the support of the movement. It showed the unity of the Civil Rights groups and their power within society but it also showed the strength of White support that was growing within

  • Word count: 1369
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: History
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Why was the Civil Rights Act passed by congress?

History Coursework-Why was the Civil Rights Act passed by congress? The Civil Rights movement started due to the illegal segregation of one race from another. This is because many people of African origin were stopped from voting, and this was against the 14th Amendment, which said that everybody had the right to vote. The reason why this was not enforced was essentially the revulsion of the southern states against centralisation and the control of the south by the north. The fear of a second civil war made sure that the North simply allowed the South to redefine the law so as to please the populous and so make segregation legal for businesses and government. This segregation appealed to many of the voters in the south (nearly all white), therefore the politicians were given an incentive of political survival by enforcing segregation, this also applied to businesses and their economic survival. In addition there were also random illegal, but rarely investigated, lynching by the populous. These were all changed by the civil rights act. There were several key factors, which made the government pass the civil rights act. The first being that the USA was currently engaged in the Cold War, therefore there were political incentives and pressures to get rid of segregation and suppression. As the USA is a democracy public perception of the policies would enforce the changes or

  • Word count: 1293
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: History
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Civil rights

INTRODUCTION Civil rights are the freedoms and rights that a person may have as a member of a community, state, or nation. Civil rights include freedom of speech, of the press, and of religion. Among others are the right to own property, and to receive fair and equal treatment from government, other persons, and private groups. In democratic countries, civil rights are protected by law and custom. The constitutions of many democracies have bills of rights that describe basic liberties and rights. Courts of law decide whether a person's civil rights have been violated. The courts also determine the limits of civil rights, so that people do not use their freedoms in order to violate the rights of others. In many nondemocratic countries, the government claims to respect and guarantee civil rights. But in most of these countries, such claims differ greatly from the actual conditions. In some Communist countries, for example, the people are denied such basic rights as freedom of speech and of the press. Yet their constitutions guarantee these rights. Some people draw sharp distinctions between civil liberties and civil rights. They regard civil liberties as guarantees to a person against government interference. They think of civil rights as guarantees of equal treatment for all people. For example, civil liberties would include freedom from government

  • Word count: 3672
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: History
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Black civil rights

History GCSE Coursework American Civil rights Black African Americans have been treated inadequately by the opposite race (white people) for centuries from when the slave trade was in full force to the contemporary day with gang violence and racism in all fifty states of the USA. I am going investigate the reasons why black Americans argued for their civil rights and what successes were brought about by this fighting in the 1950s and 1960s. Some evidence of racism to Black people in the USA was written in a black journalist's book quoted from 'American Dreams lost and found'. It shows no respect, and gives a sense of inferiority, illustrating white attitudes to blacks in the early to mid 20th century. It draws a powerful image of blacks being fit for menial jobs and be deficient in the ability to do professional jobs. One problem leading to Blacks fighting for their Civil Rights was the unjust Jim Crow rules in the Southern states. The white people who lived in the South wanted to maintain a two tier society. In 1880 they introduced legal segregation of races. This was a concept of Blacks being separate from Whites but the two societies being equal. There would be separate facilities for blacks and whites from hotels to schools. Inter race marriage was made illegal by these laws. This was all to keep a defined two tier society. An additional reason why Blacks

  • Word count: 2859
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: History
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The Civil Rights Movement.

The Civil Rights Movement. The civil rights movement really began to take off in the 1950's. It began over the issue of education. Black people were forced to go to schools that were inferior and had very little facilities. This proved that "separate but equal" was wrong and not working. The first case that helped bring about a change in the law was: LINDA BROWN VS THE TOPICA BOARD OF EDUCATION-CANSAS. Linda Browns father took the board of education to court so that his daughter could go to a white school. He won the case because in 1954 the Supreme Court stated separate but equal was wrong. Unfortunately for Linda the states, for the first year, ignored the decision and she was forced to attend a black only school. Black people were still forced to attend poorer schools and colleges. They still didn't have the right to vote and the Jim Crow Laws were still in action, despite the ruling of the Supreme Court. In 1957 Elizabeth Eckford tried to attend Central High School, a white only school in Little Rock. As she arrived she was met with white protesters refusing to let her join the white school. The Southern State Government tried to force intrigration but did so slowly. Slowly more back children joined the school. There were still many protesters very unhappy with the integration, so the Federal Government sent in the army for one year to protect the children. This shows

  • Word count: 1092
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: History
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Civil Rights Movement

"The Civil Rights Movement Achieved a Great Deal. Do Sources A-F Prove this Correct?" The Civil Rights Movement was a movement aimed at abolishing racial discrimination in the United States of America in the 1950s and 1960s. Many things were achieved by the movement, and I will be looking at both its successes and its failures. Historically, the black population has always been subject to racial injustice; the most notable example being the introduction of the slave trade. For over two centuries, Africans were treated like animals and lived their lifes in unjust conditions. It had been less than 100 years since slaves living in the Southern States of America had been freed, and this meant there were still very obvious social impacts. The moderate white southern American would see the black man as nothing more than an inconvinience, both socially and economically. They felt threatened by the fact that the people they had grown up being told was inferior to them had now begun to take their jobs, earn money and go to the same school as them. So it comes as little surprise that when the segregation of schools became unconstitutional in 1954 many white southerners were outraged. Source A shows the amount of black children attending school with white children from 1956 - 1962. It does show an increase, however I think it would be wrong to call this a success. This is because

  • Word count: 1138
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: History
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The Civil Rights Movement

'The Civil Rights Movement Achieved a Great Deal in the 1950s and 1960s' The person making the statement believes that thanks to the Civil Rights Movement the quality of life for black people has increased. This interpretation is supported by a table of figures in Source A. The table was published in a history textbook. This information regards education, an area in which the Civil Rights Movement had been strongly been campaigning for the desegregation of schools. This information is from a textbook so therefore we are led to believe that these figures will be accurate and unbiased. . Although these numbers are estimates they are still a reliable source of information. The table shows the dramatic increase in the numbers of black students in the same schools as white students. We can see that in every state apart from three there have been increases in the percentages of black students in schools with white students. This would indicate that the desegregation of schools had been a success. As the Civil Rights Movement and campaigned strongly for this, then they had obviously gone some way to achieving their goals. The photograph is Source B was taken at the scene, where a black student is on her way to enrol at an all white high school in Little Rock. The photograph shows that desegregation had been a success, as blacks were getting into previously all white

  • Word count: 1093
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: History
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